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Entwicklungsländern wird seit drei Jahrzehnten die Diversifizierung ihrer Exportstruktur empfohlen. Eine Exportdiversifizierung soll die Eingliederung in die internationale Arbeitsteilung verbessern und damit ein nachhaltiges Wachstum fördern. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Exportdiversifizierung und Wirtschaftswachstum sind empirisch bis heute jedoch kaum erforscht. Die Arbeit untersucht mit Hilfe von deskriptiv-statistischen Analysen und zeitreihenökonometrischen Verfahren, ob die Diversification-Led Growth-Hypothese einer empirischen Überprüfung standhält. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen über Chile sprechen für die Annahme, wonach eine Exportdiversifizierung unter anderem über exportinduzierte Wissensexternalitäten ein wirtschaftliches Wachstum auslösen kann.

We assess the effect of income inequality on life expectancy by performing separate estimations for developed and developing countries. Our empirical analysis challenges the widely held view that inequality matters more for health in richer countries than for health in poorer countries. Employing panel cointegration and conventional panel regressions, we find that income inequality increases life expectancy in developed countries. By contrast, the effect on life expectancy is significantly negative in developing countries. While the quantitative effects are small, the striking contrast between the two country groups proves to be robust to modifications in measurement, specification and methodological choices.

AbstractThis study utilizes panel data between 1995 and 2015 for a cross section of 33 developing (low- and middle-income) countries to investigate the impact on domestic energy intensity both of domestic R&D and of possible spillovers from foreign R&D conducted in developed (high-income) countries. More specifically, it examines R&D spillovers from developed countries (North) to domestic energy intensity in developing countries (South) through disembodied channels, total goods imports, and imports of machinery and equipment. Our main findings, based on panel cointegration techniques, are as follows: First, domestic R&D in the long run does not contribute to reductions in energy intensity in developing countries; second, there is no evidence to suggest that disembodied North–South R&D spillovers affect the long-run level of domestic energy intensity; third, there are nevertheless significant spillovers from R&D conducted in industrial countries that reduce energy intensity in developing countries; and fourth, while many imported goods are not a channel for North–South R&D spillovers, such spillovers are transmitted through imports of machinery and equipment.