Foreign trade prices in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
In: Soviet and east Europeas studies
In: Paperback re-issue
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In: Soviet and east Europeas studies
In: Paperback re-issue
World Affairs Online
In: Foreign affairs, Band 69, Heft 5, S. 146-167
ISSN: 0015-7120
World Affairs Online
In: SAIS review / the Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy Institute of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS): a journal of international affairs, Band 10, Heft 2, S. 75-87
ISSN: 1946-4444
World Affairs Online
In: Soviet economy, Band 5, Heft 1, S. 47-69
ISSN: 0882-6994
World Affairs Online
In: Slavic review: interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies, Band 38, Heft 3, S. 503-504
ISSN: 2325-7784
In: Slavic review: interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies, Band 37, Heft 1, S. 25-39
ISSN: 2325-7784
All economic systems have ways in which they determine how much their total trade with the world will be, what commodities will make up that total, and the destinations and sources of those commodities (the geographic composition of exports and imports). In Western economies, which rely heavily on markets, the values of these variables summarize the outcome of a myriad of private decisions, with some influence of governments primarily through tariffs and quotas. In Eastern economies, which rely heavily on central planning, the government itself through its planners directly determines the value of those same variables.The concept of Most-Favored Nation (MFN) treatment evolved as a mechanism by which governments in market economies could agree mutually to limit interference in private decisions on trade, with the expected consequence being an increase in trade and welfare. When two market economy governments agree to accord MFN treatment to each other's commodities, it means (in its simplest form) that tariffs applied in each country to commodities imported from the other country shall be no higher than the lowest tariffs charged on imports of those commodities from any destination.
World Affairs Online
In: Soviet economy, Band 2, Heft 2, S. 95-185
ISSN: 0882-6994
World Affairs Online
In: Kommunist: teoretičeskij i političeskij žurnal Central'nogo Komiteta Kommunističeskoj Partii Sovetskogo Sojuza, S. 50-60
ISSN: 0105-1725, 0131-1212
Es steht jetzt schon fest, daß ohne Dynamisierung des Wirtschaftsreformgesetzes die ökonomische Situation in der Volkswirtschaft sich verschlechtern wird. Trotz der Reformbemühungen konnten keine spürbaren Verbesserungen auf dem Konsumgütermarkt und in der Lösung des Lebensmittelproblems erzielt werden. Alarmierend wirkt die Steigerung des Haushaltsdefizits, das sich in diesem Jahr auf 120 Milliarden Rubel belaufen wird. Die Reform befindet sich in einem Umbruch: entweder gelingt es in den nächsten Jahren wesentliche Maßnahmen zur Schaffung eines marktwirtschaftlichen Systems zu realisieren, oder es erfolgt eine Rückkehr zu der alten zentralisierten Befehlswirtschaft. (BIOst-Ldg)
World Affairs Online
In: Kyklos: international review for social sciences, Band 31, Heft 1, S. 93-96
ISSN: 1467-6435