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The Management of organizations
In: McGraw-Hill Series in Management
THE MEANING OF LINE AND STAFF
In: Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, Band 43, Heft 1, S. 19-21
management practices are examined & the confusion re line & staff is found to be due to a failure to adequately define both. Line & staff are seen as functions & a typical org chart is presented. Next, they are viewed as an authority relationship. A redefinition of the terms is proposed: (1) From the viewpoint of the functions performed, a line official is one in the direct chain of command over those workers who directly accomplish enterprise objectives. Any other official is staff. (2) From the viewpoint of authority relationships, a line official is one who exercises relatively unlimited authority over a person to whom he gives directives. A staff official exercises authority only within his limited functional area. These definitions are not mutually exclusive, but should really be complementary to each other. M. Maxfield.
Economic and organizational factors of data processing installations: some empirical findings concerning data processing for selected commercial applications in Louisiana
In: Louisiana business bulletin 24.1965,1