Suchergebnisse

Democracy in the context of state life is the best political and government system. Almost all modern countries accept the absolute need for democracy to be upheld. The implementation of the democratic system in Indonesia is not fully implemented according to the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. One of them is the General Election (Election) which is still full of the practice of money politics. The fundamental essence of each action of money politics can be seen from the mechanistic process or procedure and juridical. According to deliberative democracy it is implied in what is said to be practical discourse, the formation of political opinions and aspirations (politische meinung-und willenbildung), proceduralism or popular sovereignty as a procedure (volksouveranitat als verfahren). Deliberative theory in a model is interested in the issue of validity of collective decisions, namely the procedure for producing rules. Deliberative theory in a model is interested in the issue of validity of collective decisions, namely the procedure for producing rules. The practices of money politics played or played in each of the elections, are indicated by the development of a discursive, spatial model of money politics in opinions - between money politics and general elections which can be regarded as' the results of public use of communicative rights ". Keywords: Mechanistic process, juridical, political aspirations

Birokrasi dengan segala macam cacatnya menjadi milik pemerintah", dan bentuk kecacatan seperti ini terjadi di Indonesia. Sepanjang ada asumsi bahwa birokrasi adanya hanya sebuah tindakan yang tidak mempunyai keleluasaan (nondiscretionary), maka tidak akan berguna jika memikirkan hal itu dalam konteks sistem politik yang lebih umum. Apa yang terlihat sebagai birokratik mungkin sebenarnya bersifat politis, dan mereka yang melakukan keputusan birokratik dalam alasan untuk melakukan kepentingan politik. Politik melibatkan perlindungan dan promosi kepentingan organisasi ketimbang promosi sebuah partai politik atau lainnya. Birokrasi itu sendiri diberikan peranannya dalam pembuatan hukum yang signifikan seperti halnya peranan penting dalam memberi nasehat kepada pemimpin politik, melalui mekanisme. Pada akhirnya, birokrasi mempunyai keuntungan bahwa mereka selalu mempunyai struktur formal, yang tidak harus selalu menjadi pelaku politik yang penting pada sisi input sistem politik. Struktur formal, bagaimanapun juga merupakan tempat penting untuk memulai memangkas premanisme birokrasi yang terdapat dalam kekuasaan struktural.

Islamic Municipal Bonds (sukuk) is one out of fund sources that can be used by regions for financing regional development projects. However, discussion about the Islamic Municipal Bonds issuing in Indonesia are still in the form of discourse. The aims of this study are to analyze the problem of issuing Islamic Municipal Bonds in Indonesia, and to find the best solutions and strategies for launching sukuk in Indonesia. The method that used in this research was the concept of Tawhidy String Relation (TSR) combined with the Delphi and the Analytical Network Process (ANP). The 2 (two) main problems that become obstacles and also root causes in the publishing of Islamic Municipal Bonds are low literacy of sharia and legal and regulatory barriers. The implication of this research was that sharia economic actors could improve economic and financial literacy of sharia. Meanwhile, regarding legal and regulatory issues, the government must encourage the creation of harmonization of laws and implementing regulations that provide legal certainty and accelerate the implementation of the issuance of regional sukuk in Indonesia. Finally, by publishing the Islamic Municipal Bonds, there is an increase in cross-sectoral economic activities based on sharia economics.