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Making Sense of "Senseless Violence": Thoughts on Agrarian Elites and Collective Violence during "Reconstruction" in South Africa and the American South
In: Comparative studies in society and history, Band 63, Heft 4, S. 851-880
ISSN: 1475-2999
AbstractKey moments of the American Civil War and the 1899–1902 South African War and their tragic immediate aftermaths remain powerful features of national memory in both countries. Over the past century, vengeful politicians and ideologues in both have transformed them into formidable stock-in-trade. Second-, third-, and fourth-hand accounts of the alleged churlish manner of the victorious armies, especially soldiers of African descent, were made into combustible timber for reactionary political campaigns. The perceived cruel turns of fate have made their way into literature, stage, and screen. The two wars afforded people of various races and social conditions opportunity to act upon their conceptions of a just society, albeit amid terrible carnage and loss. They also underscored the permanence of the industrial transformation of both countries. In the decades following these two wars most of the black and white agrarian populations discovered that state and agrarian elites had cynically manipulated and then extinguished their aspirations. Most often, for black agrarians, violence was the preferred instrument to pursue desired outcomes. Reconstruction in the American South was a paradox. The Civil War emancipated the slaves but left the entire South, especially upland cotton regions, economically backward. In Louisiana, especially, politicized violence to coerce black labor was pervasive. After the South African War, white violence against rural black people was widespread. Lord Milner's Reconstruction Administration was more concerned to bring South Africa's gold mines back into production than to stem the violence. The low-intensity violence of the postwar countryside became the backland route to apartheid.
Cultures of Violence: Racial Violence and the Origins of Segregation in South Africa and the American South
In: Safundi: the journal of South African and American Comparative Studies, Band 13, Heft 3-4, S. 443-447
ISSN: 1543-1304
Privileging the Machines: American Engineers, Indentured Chinese and White Workers in South Africa's Deep-Level Gold Mines, 1902–1907
In: International review of social history, Band 52, Heft 1, S. 1-34
ISSN: 1469-512X
Economists and historians have identified the period between 1870 and 1914 as one marked by the movement of capital and labor across the globe at unprecedented speed. The accompanying spread of the gold standard and industrial techniques contained volatile and ambiguous implications for workers everywhere. Industrial engineers made new machinery and industrial techniques the measure of human effort. The plight of workers in South Africa's deep-level gold mines in the era following the Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902 provides a powerful example of just how lethal the new benchmarks of human effort could be. When by 1904 close to 50,000 Africans refused to return to the mines, mining policy began to coalesce around solving the "labor shortage" problem and dramatically reducing working costs. Engineers, especially American engineers, rapidly gained the confidence of the companies that had made large investments in the deep-level mines of the Far East Rand by bringing more than 60,000 indentured Chinese workers to the mines to make up for the postwar shortfall in unskilled labor in late 1904. But the dangerous working conditions that drove African workers away from many of the deep-level mines persisted. Three years later, in 1907, their persistence provoked a bitter strike by white drill-men.
Le pari Congolais: Whose Congo? Whose Gamble?
In: Brood & rozen: Tijdschrift voor de Geschiedenis van Sociale Bewegingen ; driemaandelijks tijdschrift, Band 4, Heft 2
Upending the Century of Wrong: Agrarian Elites, Collective Violence, and the Transformation of State Power in the American South and South Africa, 1865-1914
In: Social identities: journal for the study of race, nation and culture, Band 4, Heft 3, S. 399-415
ISSN: 1363-0296
Upending the Century of Wrong: Agrarian Elites, Collective Violence, and the Transformation of State Power in the American South and South Africa, 1865-1914
In: Social identities: journal for the study of race, nation and culture, Band 4, Heft 3, S. 399-415
ISSN: 1350-4630
Disputing the Machines: Scientific Management and the Transformation of the Work Routine at the Union Miniere du Haut-Katanga, 1918-1930
In: African economic history, Heft 17, S. 1
ISSN: 2163-9108
Frederick Cooper, From Slaves to Squatters: Plantation Labor and Agriculture in Zanzibar and Coastal Kenya, 1890–1925. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980
In: International labor and working class history: ILWCH, Band 25, S. 104
ISSN: 1471-6445
The formation of an African working class: some problems
In: Race & class: a journal for black and third world liberation, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 61-70
ISSN: 1741-3125
Peter C.W. Gutkind, Robin Cohen, and Jean Copans, African Labor History. Beverly Hills/London: Sage Publications. 1978. pp. 280. $6.00
In: International labor and working class history: ILWCH, Band 19, S. 79-83
ISSN: 1471-6445
Tariffs at work: An outline of pract. tariff administration, with special reference to the United States and Canada
In: Studies in Economics & Political Science [32]
The Instrument of Terror: SomeThoughtsonComparativeHistoriography, WhiteRuralUnofficialViolence,andSegregationinSouthAfricaandtheAmericanSouth
In: Safundi: the journal of South African and American Comparative Studies, Band 4, Heft 2, S. 1-10
ISSN: 1543-1304
A Working Class in the Making. Belgian Colonial Labor Policy, Private Entreprise, and the African Mineworker, 1907-1951
In: Labour / Le Travail, Band 28, S. 397