Suchergebnisse

In a world with local and global instability (economic, social and financial policies), an environmental disaster can have particularly devastating effects at the economic and human levels. We are also witnessing an increasing "legalization" of the causes and consequences of environmental degradation. The issue of prediction (anticipation and evaluation) of natural and anthropogenic risk is posed in terms of moral and sometimes criminal, political responsibility, as well as to the scientific community. In this context, researchers themselves might be tempted to "hedge" legal risks, by considering in their forecasts, the most "extreme" assumptions.

Cet article vise à mettre en lumière l'importance de la formation à l'entrepreneuriat et le rôle de la perception des opportunités chez les étudiants universitaires algériens après des réformes significatives dans le secteur de l'enseignement supérieur et la mise en œuvre d'un processus d'innovation reconnaissant la notion largement acceptée selon laquelle l'entrepreneuriat est un moteur essentiel du développement économique. Nous examinons l'impact de la formation entrepreneuriale et de la perception des opportunités sur un échantillon de 228 étudiants de l'université de Tlemcen en utilisant la théorie du comportement planifié (TPB) et en employant la méthode des moindres carrés partiels (PLS) et l'outil SMARTPLS v3. Les résultats indiquent un impact positif et significatif de l'éducation et de la formation à l'entrepreneuriat. Plus précisément, les normes subjectives et l'auto-efficacité influencent directement et indirectement les intentions entrepreneuriales des étudiants. Cependant, contrairement aux attentes, la perception de l'opportunité n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur l'échantillon. Cette étude met également en évidence la nécessité de poursuivre l'exploration et l'innovation dans la formation aux sciences de gestion. JEL: M00, M29, M53.

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

International audience ; The forecasting of ecotoxicologic risks is done through a systemic approach of sustainable development. Hypothesising a maximum potential risk in increase of toxic algae in New Caledonia, we demonstrate the interdependencies of ecological, biological, sanitary and socioeconomic risks (tourism, recreational activities, fishing, nutrition, health, culture and political structures). We conclude by bringing forth the question of governance of environmental risk through the notion of "global public good" and "collective rationality". ; La prévision des risques écotoxicologiques passe par une approche systémique et critique de la notion de développement durable. En envisageant, pour la Nouvelle Calédonie, un risque potentiel maximal d'augmentation des efflorescences algales nuisibles, nous mettons en évidence l'articulation des risques écologiques, biologiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques (loisirs, tourisme, pêche, habitudes alimentaires, santé, culture et structures politiques). Nous évoquons en conclusion la question de la gouvernance d'un risque environnemental à partir de la notion de « bien public mondial » et de « rationalité collective ».

Maintaining coral reef ecosystems is a social imperative, because so many people depend on coral reefs for food production, shoreline protection, and livelihoods. The survival of reefs this century, however, is threatened by the mounting effects of climate change. Climate mitigation is the foremost and essential action to prevent coral reef ecosystem collapse. Without it, reefs will become extremely diminished within the next 20–30 years. Even with strong climate mitigation, however, existing conservation measures such as marine protected areas and fisheries management are no longer sufficient to sustain the ecosystem and many additional and innovative actions to increase reef resilience must also be taken. In this paper we assess the suite of protections and actions in terms of their potential to be effective according to a set of criteria that include effectiveness, readiness, co-benefits and disbenefits. Even with the best scientific innovation, saving coral reefs will require a well-funded, well-designed, and rapidly executed strategy with political and social commitments at the level of other grand challenges.

International audience ; Maintaining coral reef ecosystems is a social imperative, because so many people depend on coral reefs for food production, shoreline protection, and livelihoods. The survival of reefs this century, however, is threatened by the mounting effects of climate change. Climate mitigation is the foremost and essential action to prevent coral reef ecosystem collapse. Without it, reefs will become extremely diminished within the next 20-30 years. Even with strong climate mitigation, however, existing conservation measures such as marine protected areas and fisheries management are no longer sufficient to sustain the ecosystem and many additional and innovative actions to increase reef resilience must also be taken. In this paper we assess the suite of protections and actions in terms of their potential be effective according to a set of criteria that include effectiveness, readiness, co-benefits and disbenefits. Even with the best scientific innovation, saving coral reefs will require a well-funded, welldesigned, and rapidly executed strategy with political and social commitments at the level of other grand challenges.

International audience ; Maintaining coral reef ecosystems is a social imperative, because so many people depend on coral reefs for food production, shoreline protection, and livelihoods. The survival of reefs this century, however, is threatened by the mounting effects of climate change. Climate mitigation is the foremost and essential action to prevent coral reef ecosystem collapse. Without it, reefs will become extremely diminished within the next 20-30 years. Even with strong climate mitigation, however, existing conservation measures such as marine protected areas and fisheries management are no longer sufficient to sustain the ecosystem and many additional and innovative actions to increase reef resilience must also be taken. In this paper we assess the suite of protections and actions in terms of their potential be effective according to a set of criteria that include effectiveness, readiness, co-benefits and disbenefits. Even with the best scientific innovation, saving coral reefs will require a well-funded, welldesigned, and rapidly executed strategy with political and social commitments at the level of other grand challenges.