Suchergebnisse

The last two decades have witnessed a dramatic expansion and intensification of mineral resource exploitation and development across the global south, especially in Latin America. This shift has brought mining more visibly into global public debates and spurred a great deal of controversy and conflict. This volume assembles new scholarship that provides critical perspectives on these issues. The book marshals original, empirical work from leading social scientists in a variety of disciplines to address a range of questions about the practices of mining companies on the ground, the impacts of mining on host communities, and the responses to mining from communities, civil society and states. The book further explores the global and international causes, consequences and innovations of this new era of mining activity in Latin America. Key issues include the role of Canadian mining companies and their investment in the region, and, to a lesser extent, the role of Chinese mining capital. Several chapters take a regional perspective, while others are based on empirical data from specific countries including Bolivia, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala and Peru.

In Peru, development dreams have not infrequently been hitched to the expansion of mining and other extractive activities. While the Peruvian state pursued strategies to stimulate mining expansion during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the geography of capitalist mining that emerged mapped poorly onto the national development imaginaries of the country's elites. State-led efforts to mobilize subsurface resources in the service of national-level development conflicted with the tendency for extractive economies to exhibit uneven and discontinuous spatialities. Attention to the long-run unevenness of extractive investment in global resource frontiers such as Peru promises to deepen understandings of both world environmental history and the contemporary politics of resource extractivism.En el Perú, los sueños de desarrollo han sido enganchados con frecuencia a la expansión de la minería y otras actividades extractivas. Mientras que el estado peruano siguió estrategias para estimular la expansión minera a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX, la geografía de la minería capitalista que surgió no se proyectó bien en los imaginarios de desarrollo nacional de las élites del país. Los esfuerzos dirigidos por el estado para movilizar los recursos del subsuelo al servicio del desarrollo a nivel nacional contradijeron la tendencia de las economías extractivas a mostrar espacialidades desparejas y discontinuas. La atención al carácter desparejo a largo plazo de la inversión extractiva en las fronteras de recursos globales, como Perú, promete profundizar el entendimiento tanto de la historia ambiental mundial como de la política contemporánea del extractivismo de recursos.

The article investigates the social unevenness of the complex livelihood transformations generated by largescale mining in Peru. Drawing on research undertaken in a caserío located in the area of influence of the Pierina gold mine, I explore the significance of gender and age in shaping how residents have experienced the impacts and opportunities of extraction. In a context in which opportunities to directly benefit from the new mining economy have been available primarily to working-aged men, the evidence suggests that women and older residents have experienced the negative effects of mine construction on their traditional agro-pastoral practices especially acutely. These findings underscore the need to more thoroughly examine the ramifications of mining for the more vulnerable segments of Andean society. ; El artículo investiga la desigualdad social en relación a las complejas transformaciones en el modo de subsistencia impulsadas por la minería a gran escala en el Perú. Basado en investigaciones realizadas en un caserío localizado en el área de influencia de la mina de oro Pierina, exploro la importancia del género y la edad en la configuración de la manera como los pobladores han experimentado los impactos y las oportunidades de la extracción minera. En un contexto en el que las oportunidades para beneficiarse directamente de la nueva economía minera se han concentrado mayormente en hombres de temprana y mediana edad, la evidencia sugiere que las mujeres y los residentes de edad avanzada han experimentado los efectos negativos de la construcción de la mina en sus prácticas agropecuarias tradicionales con particular agudeza. Estos hallazgos recalcan la necesidad de examinar más exhaustivamente las ramificaciones de la minería para los segmentos más vulnerables de la sociedad andina.

This volume focuses on how, why, under what conditions, and with what effects people move across space in relation to mining, asking how a focus on spatial mobility can aid scholars and policymakers in understanding the complex relation between mining and social change. This collection centers the concept of mobility to address the diversity of mining-related population movements as well as the agency of people engaged in these movements. This volume opens by introducing both the historical context and conceptual tools for analyzing the mining-mobility nexus, followed by case study chapters focusing on three regions with significant histories of mineral extraction and where mining currently plays an important role in socio-economic life: the Andes, Central and West Africa, and Melanesia. Written by authors with expertise in diverse fields, including anthropology, development studies, geography, and history, case study chapters address areas of both large- and smallscale mining. They explore the historical-geographical factors shaping mining-related mobilities, the meanings people attach to these movements, and the relations between people's mobility practices and the flows of other things put in motion by mining, including capital, ideas, technologies, and toxic contamination. The result is an important volume that provides fresh insights into the social geographies and spatial politics of extraction. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of mining and the extractive industries, spatial politics and geography, mobility and migration, development, and the social and environmental dimensions of natural resources more generally.

Intro -- Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- Notes on contributors -- Acknowledgments -- 1 An introduction to mining, mobility, and social change -- Section I The Andes -- 2 Ch'ixi mobilities: Small-scale mining and Indigenous autonomy in the Bolivian tin belt -- 3 Mining, infrastructure, and mobility in the Andes -- 4 Navigating gendered landscapes of mineral extraction: Spatial mobility, women's autonomy, and mining development in the Peruvian Andes -- Section II Central and West Africa -- 5 Chasing gold: Technology, people, and matter on the move in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo -- 6 Making mining localities: Trajectories and stories of mining and mobility in Zambia -- 7 The governance of ASGM in Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire: (Im)mobility, territory, and technological change -- Section III Melanesia -- 8 Mining-induced in-migration in Papua New Guinea -- 9 Mining fronts, labor mobilities, and the construction of locality in Thio, New Caledonia -- 10 Beyond the enclave: Workforce mobility and livelihoods in a New Caledonia mining region -- Section IV Conclusion -- 11 Mining and mobility: Key insights, governance implications, and future research -- Index.

Environmental governance (EG) has become a hegemonic concept for understanding and transforming environmental decision-making processes that operate beyond the state. However, political ecologists, drawing from a diverse set of theoretical frameworks, have critiqued the concept for being malleable, vague, and apolitical, which has enabled its appropriation in ways that conceal inequality and difference, advocate techno-managerial fixes, and espouse neoliberal solutions. Political ecologists have approached EG more critically with the conceptual tools of neoliberal natures, environmental regulation, and eco-governmentality. In this article, we contend that these conceptualizations, while theoretically rich, are limited in their capacity to capture a diversity of governance contexts, processes, and actors and to drive both scholarly analysis and radical change. Thus, we put forward a conceptual framework of relational environmental governance (REG) that captures the dynamic and unequal interactions among heterogeneous human and non-human actors by which socio-ecological arrangements are structured, controlled, and transformed. Drawing from a variety of relational traditions, the framework comprises four key "moves" related to i) ontological understandings of EG processes as full of unequal power relations and heterogeneous actors, ii) epistemological privileging of intersections among racialized, gendered, queer and/or alternative or Indigenous knowledges in EG processes, iii) methodological emphasis on conducting research relationally with diverse EG actors, and iv) a praxis of engagement with EG processes to change how socio-ecologies are controlled and address crises of sustainability.