Suchergebnisse

SummaryThe North American Prairie landscape at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew at Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, is discussed. The abundance of the Compositae in the North American Prairies is outlined, by tribe, and comments provided on a range of 105 interesting Compositae that could be considered in prairie plantings, for dry, moist and wet situations. The exclusion of a number of plants that are most unsuitable for prairie plantings is also covered, with whole tribes, such as the Cardueae and Anthemideae, excluded from potential planting schemes, and a limited selection made from the Lactuceae and Senecioneae. The Astereae, other than providing a large selection of potential prairie plants, is discussed more fully, especially with the break‐up of the core genus Aster. Both inside and outside of the prairie environment there have been many taxonomic changes, with name changes of concern to taxonomists and horticulturists alike. Shaw's list is revised, relevant to those he left in Aster, and some observations made on how the splitting of Aster is still an active area of research. The differing propagation methods, in general and for the Compositae in particular, are outlined, covering vegetative propagation methods, and seed harvesting, cleaning, and sowing preparation techniques outlined. A number of previously published plates from Curtis's Botanical Magazine are used to illustrate some of the tribes, and are supplemented by photographs of several species, mostly from the Heliantheae, in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The supportive appendices cover: Appendix 1 – 105 suitable Compositae that can be considered for prairie plantings, each with an indication of tribe, common name/s, publication details of those previously illustrated in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (or in this issue), the plate number under which it was published, together with those republished in this issue, and photographs of a handful of others, together with an indication of the base colour/s of the flowering capitula of each, and Appendix 2 an updated list of the species left in Aster in Shaw's 2014 list following several subsequent transfers into other genera, and a different view of the taxonomy of some of the genera.

SummaryThe Margaret Mee Fellowship Programme's Artist Scholar‐ships effectively celebrate their thirtieth anniversary this year, 2019. Christabel King has been the Artist Scholars' mentor throughout. A chronological list of Artist Scholars is provided. Officially, there have been 23 Brazilian Artist Scholars; Mark Fothergill was the first 'unofficial' scholar. Illustrations of a limited number of paintings of some of the Artist Scholars is provided, showing examples of their competition entries and work completed during their scholarship stay in Kew. A bibliography gives references of selected plant portraits published in Curtis's Botanical Magazine.

SummaryDoronicum caucasicum M. Bieb. (Compositae: Senecioneae) is described and illustrated for the second time in the history of Curtis's Botanical Magazine. Critical examination and reading of the works in which the protologues were published has led to the conclusion that D. caucasicum was published earlier than D. orientale Hoffm., but it is highly likely that the two names were based on the same Adams collection that Adams had annotated as Doronicum orientale. The possibility of Doronicum L. being the sole genus in the recently proposed tribe Doroniceae Panero is discussed. The lack of any present infrageneric classification is commented upon, but this is probably due to insufficient characters in the multivariate analyses used, and where the limits are drawn in molecular analyses. Cultivation and propagation guidelines for the species are provided and currently availability of cultivars is outlined, as are likely pests and diseases.

SummaryHaplopappus paucidentatus Phil. (Compositae: Astereae: Machaerantherinae) is described and illustrated in colour and with a black and white text figure. Cultivation and propagation are discussed, most stocks better maintained using cuttings or layering. It is not apparently available commercially, but could be searched for under the 'catch all' name of H. glutinosus. Haplopappus Cass. is now recognized as a South American genus, considerably smaller than originally conceived by Hall in his major revision. It consists of 56 species in three subgenera, the largest, subgenus Haplopappus, contains 2 sections, section Haplopappus containing H. paucidentatus and H. glutinosus Cass. within which it has been included in several treatments.

SummaryHieracium tomentosum L. (Compositae: Lactuceae: Hieraciinae) is illustrated and described, the account of the species providing a fairly full synonymy, reference to types and the complication of grexes indicated. Frequently appearing under the name of Hieracium lanatum (L.) Vill., issues with the historical naming of this species are highlighted, together with those of naming many of the European hieracia. The species has been in cultivation in the British Isles for just short of three hundred years, and is apparently only currently available from three suppliers. Cultivation and propagation requirements are discussed. The artist of the plate and the figure, Gustavo Surlo, is the youngest Margaret Mee Fellowship Programme Artist Scholar to have illustrated in Curtis's Botanical Magazine. Having won the Artist Scholarship for 2018, this is his first plate in the Magazine.

SummaryCorethrogyne filaginifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. (Compositae: Astereae: Machaerantherinae) is illustrated and described. The full synonymy of this monospecific North American genus is provided together with the location of known type material and relevant comments made where applicable. The Conservation Status of the species is considered LC (Least Concern), as previous listings in California are shown to refer to Corethrogyne filaginifolia (Hook. & Arn.) var. incana (Lindl.) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman, which is now considered a synonym of the rather variable Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nutt. The taxonomic placement of Diplopappus incanus Lindl. is discussed, and a synonymy has been provided for Dieteria canescens subsp. canescens var. incana (Lindl.) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman, of which it is the basionym. The location of the probable holotype of Diplopappus leucophyllus Lindl. ex DC. is discussed, together with the relevance of material mounted on a Kew sheet.

SummaryCentaurea africana L. (Compositae: Cardueae: Centaureinae) is illustrated and described. The species has a long history of cultivation that probably exceeds 350 years, although it is apparently rarely available from commercial sources as seed or plant material. Other than the tribal name to use when placing this species, its more recent recognition as a species of Rhaponticoides Vaill. is not accepted; the issue of Vaillant names is once again raised. The capitula of C. africana are considered heterogamous and disciform, not radiant, with the few marginal florets possessing equal length, certainly non‐showy, corolla lobes, and usually containing staminodes. A number of synonyms, appearing in a couple of well‐known databases, are excluded; one belongs to a purple‐flowered species endemic to northern Morocco, the other to a yellow‐flowered, pinnatisect‐leaved plant of northern Spain. A potentially exciting use of one flavonoid extracted from flowering parts of the plant, algerianin, in combatting human myeloid leukaemia, is highlighted.

SummaryEchinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small (Compositae: Heliantheae: Ziniinae) is described and illustrated, and is accompanied by statements on its distribution, habitat, phenology, etymology and vernacular names. A statement on its conservation status is made. A brief history of Echinacea is provided, with a commentary of the most useful revision discussed. The subtribal position and related genera of Echinacea is discussed, with the most recent account proposing that Echinacea is placed in the subtribe Zinniinae, alongside Zinnia, Sanvitalia and Heliopsis, amongst others, and quite separate from Rudbeckia and Ratibida, with which it has often been allied, now placed in the subtribe Rudbeckiinae.

SummaryRudbeckia maxima Nutt. (Compositae: Heliantheae: Rudbeckiinae) is described and illustrated. Cultivation, propagation and availability notes are provided. The genus Rudbeckia is discussed, and the position of R. maxima commented on, as well as the somewhat unique key character (the reflectiveness of the leaves under UV light) that has been used to distinguish this and two other species. The relationships of Rudbeckia within the tribe Heliantheae are discussed, especially amongst the other coneflowers. The epappose nature of the achene is discussed. It is considered similar to the situation found in Echinacea tennesseensis: the achene is covered in a dark brown corky layer, over the black phytomelanin layer, and extends above the apex of the achene forming a cupule, within which the dilated base of the disc floret corolla sits.

SummaryErigeron glaucus Ker Gawl. (Compositae: Astereae: Conyzinae) is described and illustrated and its discovery and surrounding history discussed, accompanied by statements on distribution, habitat, phenology, etymology and vernacular names, together with a selection of references where the species has been illustrated. The range of named selections is discussed, and their supposed colours, availability in the horticultural trade, together with comments on cultivation, hardiness, propagation, pests and diseases and uses provided. A statement on its conservation status is made, and other items of interest are inserted.

SummaryCochemiea pondii subsp. maritima is illustrated, the species and all three subspecies described, each provided with a full synonymy, statements on distribution, habitat and ecology, etymology, phenology, and conservation status. A commentary is given on the re‐acceptance of Cochemiea, separated from Mammillaria. Cultivation notes are provided; the species, and in particular subspecies maritima, is far from common in cultivation and not widely available. The discussion covers aspects of recognition of the subspecies, type collections, related taxa, and comments on the addition of several more species to the genus by Doweld.