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Los torneos y las justas formaban parte de las fiestas cortesanas y cívicas y en ellos los caballeros mostraban sus habilidades combativas y dejaban claro cuáles eran sus señas de identidad y su posición en la escala social. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es la recuperación de la memoria del espectáculo caballeresco en el reino de Valencia durante la época foral, el contenido festivo e ideológico de estas fiestas, cuya proyección política es innegable en un momento en que los ideales caballerescos estaban en decadencia. Con el discurrir de los siglos el valor y la destreza, reflejados en la brutalidad de la batalla medieval dejaron paso al espectáculo galante de los Tiempos Modernos. ; Tournaments and jousts were part of the court and civil festivities where knights displayed their fighting skills and asserted their identity and their social status. The objective of our study is to recover the memory of chivalry spectacles in the Kingdom of Valencia during the foral period, as well as the festive and ideological content of those festivities, whose political projection was undeniable at a time when the ideals of chilvalry were in decline. With the passing of centuries, courage and dexterity, reflected in the brutality of medieval battles, gave way to the gallant spectacle of modern times.

Carne, pan y pescado fueron los tres productos básicos de la alimentación bajomedieval, y su abasto al mercado municipal una preocupación constante para las autoridades. En la gobernación de Orihuela se usó la fórmula del contrato de seguro entre los jurados y los aseguradores de la carne. La venta de carne se realizaba en las carnicerías y la de carnero era la más consumida, seguida de la de oveja, cabrito, cerdo, etc. el municipio fijaba los precios, que tuvieron pocas variaciones en el siglo XV. El impuesto de la sisa era una fuente de ingresos para la hacienda local. ; Meat, bread and fish were the three basic products in the late Middle Ages, and their supply to the town market a constant worry for the authorities. The Orihuela Government used the formula of the insurance contract between the juries and the meat insurers. The meat sale took place at the butchery, being ram the most consumed one aswell as sheep, goat, pig, etc. The Council fixed the prices, which had few alterations during the 15th century. The "sisa" tax was a benefit source for the local treasury. ; Este trabajo se incluye dentro del Proyecto de Investigación de la Generalitat Valenciana "Administración real y municipal en el reino de Valencia durante la época foral", nº GV-B-EB-15-023-96.

La muralla en Elche va a desempeñar un papel defensivo fundamental, a la vez que marca la separación entre la villa y el campo. Desde el punto de vista político, las murallas pertenecen al común de los ciudadanos, y es el municipio el encargado de su buen mantenimiento. Esa muralla era administrada por el Consell, a través de un obrer de murs. Hay un importante componente social en torno al muro, que va desde la celebración del mercado a juegos y deportes. ; The wall around Elche played an important role in defense of the village and also served to separate the town itself from the surrounding countryside. From a political perspective, the wall was held in common countryside. From a political perspective, the wall was held in common proprietorship and the municipality was responsible for its care and maintenance. The wall was controlled by the Town Council which employed a caretaker. The area around the wall served as an important social gathering point and a variety of activities including markets, games and sporting took place there.

The wall around Elche played an important role in defense of the village and also served to separate the town itself from the surrounding countryside. From a political perspective, the wall was held in common countryside. From a political perspective, the wall was held in common proprietorship and the municipality was responsible for its care and maintenance. The wall was controlled by the Town Council which employed a caretaker. The area around the wall served as an important social gathering point and a variety of activities including markets, games and sporting took place there. ; La muralla en Elche va a desempeñar un papel defensivo fundamental, a la vez que marca la separación entre la villa y el campo. Desde el punto de vista político, las murallas pertenecen al común de los ciudadanos, y es el municipio el encargado de su buen mantenimiento. Esa muralla era administrada por el Consell, a través de un obrer de murs. Hay un importante componente social en torno al muro, que va desde la celebración del mercado a juegos y deportes.

In this article, we study the origins and characteristics of indirect taxes in the government of Orihuela, during the early Middle Ages, analyzing the most impor­tant municipal taxes of the Valencian Middle Ages. The municipal tax system aroused very little interest in Valencian historio­graphy, which leads us to present, without leaving the period during which it came out, a first detailed study of the main tax that supplied the Orihuela government municipal coffers during the XIVth and XVth centuries, in the context of the conquest of Sardinia and the financial aid that James II received from Valencian city councils. The monarch gave them the opportunity to impose a tax to retail consume products, and the latter was in fact to reach an important development during the following century. These revenues formed the most important pare of council receipts in the Orihuela jurisdiction. ; Dans cet article nous étudions les origines et les caractéristiques des accises dans le gouvernement d'Orihuela, pendant le bas Moyen Age, en analysant l'impôt municipal le plus important du Moyen Age valencien. La fiscalité municipale a suscité peu d'intérêt dans l'historiographie valencien­ne, ce qui nous amène, sans sortir de l'époque pendant laquelle elle surgit, à présenter une première étude en profondeur du principal impôt dont se nourrirent les coffres municipaux du gouvernement d'Orihuela pendant le XIVeme et le XVeme siècle, dans le contexte de la conquête de la Sardaigne et de l'aide financière que reçut Jaume II des (de la part) municipalités valenciennes. Le monarque leur concéda la possibilité de pouvoir imposer une taxe sur la vente au détail de produits de consommation, ce qui au siècle suivant atteindra une grande importance (un grand développement). Ces revenus formaient la plus grande partie des revenus des municipalités de la juridiction d'Orihuela (gouvernement).