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In a 1 Jul 2005 address to a conference of the Comite d'etude de defense nationale (Study Committee on National Defense), Japan's ambassador explains his nation's defense policy objectives in the context of ongoing Asian conflicts & in light of Japan's aspiration to a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. Japan's national security policy rests on two fundamental objectives: (1) preventing & eliminating external threats & (2) developing & maintaining a peaceful & a stable international environment. Three pillars of this policy are elaborated: the maintenance of a defense program that excludes offensive & nuclear capabilities, Japan's alliance with the US, & cooperation with the international community. The ambassador answers questions about Japan's foreign/defense policies & about international situations. Adapted from the source document.

?? 2016 Elsevier Ltd.Disasters cause a wide range of health impacts. Although there remains a need to understand and improve acute disaster management, a stronger understanding of how health is affected in the medium and longer term is also required to inform the design and delivery of measures to manage post-disaster health risks, and to guide actions taken before and during events which will also lead to reduction in health impact. Social determinants exert a powerful influence on different elements of risk, principally vulnerability, exposure and capacity, and thus, on peoples health. As disaster health data and research has tended to focus on the short-term health impacts, no systematic assessment of the social determinants of the mid- to long-term health impacts of disasters has been identified. We assessed the chronic health impacts of disasters and explored the potential socioeconomic determinants of health impact through a systematic review. Our findings, based on 28 studies, highlighted that regardless of health outcomes and event types, the influence of disasters on chronic heath persists beyond the initial disaster period, affecting peoples health for months to years. Using the World Health Organizations conceptual framework for the social determinants of health, we identified a total of 35 themes across the three conceptual domains (determinants related to the socioeconomic and political context, structural determinants, and intermediate determinants) as potentially influencing disaster impact. Investment to tackle modifiable underlying determinants could aid disaster risk management, improve medium and long-term health outcomes from disasters, and build community resilience.