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AbstractThis study explores how climate policy uncertainty (CPU) affects research and development (R&D) investment of heavy emitter firms in the United States during 2000–2019. Our empirical evidence indicates that while CPU exerts a positive impact on R&D investment of general firms, it seems to be a completely different story for heavy emitter firms. After a battery of sensitivity tests, we find a robust negative impact of CPU on R&D investment of heavy emitters, suggesting that those firms play a "wait‐and‐see" strategy in response to changes in environmental policies until more is known to make decisions. However, such behavior is not observed in light emitters. Even among heavy emitters, we show that the impact of CPU is only pronounced in heavy emitters with more technology uncertainty. Further analyses show such an impact varies with management sentiment, managerial ability, and firm maturity. Our findings have implications for policymaking and corporate strategy of heavy emitters in response to CPU.

Abstract
Wisely using natural water resources to serve human needs plays a decisive role in ensuring water and food security. In the natural water cycle, rainwater is considered as a valuable renewable resource. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) for daily life and production is a simple but effective and also environmentally sound measure. It is also a positive solution in a climate change adaptation strategy. However, this resource is being wasted in our country in general and in the HCM City in particular. This paper provides an overview of the status of rainwater use in the world; the general situation, the potential of rainwater collection and a number of issues related to the potential of rainwater harvesting in the city. Some solutions to enhance the use of rainwater and improve water supply for city residents are also suggested in this discussion.

Purpose
The paper aims to investigate whether firms invest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a risk protection mechanism as the response to increased geopolitical risk (GPR).


Design/methodology/approach
The sample of this study includes non-financial listed firms on the Chinese stock market over 2000–2016. Several measures of CSR and GPR were used to examine the relationship between two factors. Further investigation is conducted to find out how increasing uncertainty in the business environment in both geopolitics and macroeconomic policy affects corporate decision-making regarding CSR.


Findings
GPR has a significant and positive effect on CSR, meaning that Chinese firms use CSR investment as an insurance mechanism against uncertainty arising from heightened geopolitical uncertainty. Further analysis indicates a negative joint effect of GPR and uncertainty in macroeconomic policy on CSR and shows that it can exhaust firms' resources and offset their individual positive impacts on CSR at the extreme level of uncertainty. The findings are robust to the choices of proxies, model specifications and endogeneity concerns.


Originality/value
This study sheds light on the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the positive relationship between GPR and CSR. The findings of this study support the risk management view, in which firms engage more in CSR as a form of insurance mechanism to react to geopolitical uncertainty. This is also the first empirical study investigating the joint effect of GPR and economic policy uncertainty on CSR.

"Fintech and Green Investment: Transforming Challenges into Opportunities is a comprehensive resource that aims to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities of the transitional process to green investments through the fintech revolution. The book focuses on how the intersection of fintech and green investment can be used to overcome challenges and create new opportunities. It discusses how fintech is rapidly transforming the financial sector landscape and blurring the boundaries of financial firms and the financial sector, resulting in a paradigm shift that has various policy implications. The book also discusses the importance of broadening monitoring horizons and reassessing the role of financial regulation in the new landscape. Fintech and Green Investment is a collection of scientific articles and case studies in all countries, covering all primary areas of finance. The book provides a comprehensive resource for anyone interested in understanding the impact of fintech on green investment, and the potential opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. It offers valuable insights into how the transformative power of fintech can be harnessed to create a sustainable future."

In recent years, there has been growing awareness about the roles and benefits of urban green spaces (UGSs), particularly in the context of mitigating the negative effects of climate change, which have become increasingly serious. In Vietnam, the government has allocated considerable resources to the development of UGSs in many cities. However, regarding implementation, UGS development in Vietnam faces many challenges; many cities find it difficult to meet the set criterion regarding the number of green spaces per capita. This research was conducted in Hue City, which is known as one of the greenest cities in Vietnam. The results show that there are twenty-one UGSs in Hue City (with a total area of 88.67 ha). These are located primarily along the Huong River and around the Hue Imperial Citadel. However, under government stipulations, the current number of UGSs is not considered sufficient in proportion to the local population, and will not accommodate the future growth of the population. We applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) along with the participation of local residents, using six criteria to map potential areas for future UGS planning. In this, the distance from existing residential areas to potential UGS locations is the most important criterion. The suitability map identified 684 hectares of Hue City as highly suitable for UGSs. This research also proposes a scenario for UGS planning in Hue based on retaining the existing green spaces combined with creating another 35 green spaces, comprising a total area of 167 hectares. This is to meet the needs of local residents by 2030.

This article investigates the relationship between Inter-Korean geopolitical risk (IKGPR) and South Korean firms' risk-taking in the context of highly political tensions in the Korean peninsula. Using a recently developed news-based index of geopolitical risk, our empirical analysis shows an inverse U-shaped relationship between IKGPR and firm risk-taking in South Korea, implying that South Korean firms' risk-taking increases with IKGPR when IKGPR is low but becomes prudent when IKGPR is high. Such an effect of IKGPR on firm risk-taking is weaker for firms that survive wartime (1900–1969) and is stronger for firms that were established after the Second Korean War (1966–1969), suggesting the role of corporate resilience to geopolitical risk in motivating differences in corporate behaviors. Further analyses indicate that South Korean firms tend to take less risk when the nuclear risk is higher and when they are more technology-oriented. JEL CLASSIFICATION: G30, P00, O31