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Why a book on molecular neurology? Molecular neuroscience is advancing at a spectacular rate. As it does so, it is revealing important clues to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurological diseases, and to the therapeutic targets that they present. Medicines work by targeting molecules. The more specific the targeting, the more specific the actions, and the fewer the side effects. This book highlights, for graduate and MD-PhD students, research fellows and research-oriented clinical fellows, and researchers in the neurosciences and other biomedical sciences, the principles underlying m

Natürlicher Verlauf von problematischem Glücksspiel: Ergebnisse einer Allgemeinbevölkerungsstudie Fragestellung: Die Studie untersucht Gründe für eine Verhaltensänderung in einer Stichprobe früherer problematischer Glücksspieler. </p><p> Methodik: In Ontario, Kanada, wurde an einer Zufallsstichprobe von 8.467 Erwachsenen eine telefonische Erhebung durchgeführt. Von den 450 Teilnehmern, die früher, nicht aber in den letzten 12 Monaten glücksspielbezogene Probleme hatten (n=450) wurden 130 Personen identifiziert, die sich an eine Zeitspanne erinnern konnten, in der sie mehr gespielt haben als aktuell und damals keine Therapie oder eine Selbsthilfegruppe in Anspruch genommen haben. Sie wurden nach den Gründen für das Aufhören oder weniger Spielen und zu ihren Ausstiegsstrategien befragt. </p><p> Ergebnisse: Häufige Gründe waren Veränderungen im Leben durch Reifung (Umzug, Arbeitsplatz, Heirat) oder eine kognitive Neubewertung des Spielens. Spieler mit schwereren Problemen nannten häufiger Änderungsgründe, die mit negativen Konsequenzen des Spielens zusammen hingen. </p><p> Schlussfolgerungen: Viele Menschen »driften« aus ihrem problematischen Spielen durch andere Veränderungen in ihrem Leben heraus. Forschung zum natürlichen Verlauf anhand repräsentativer Stichproben ist bedeutsam, da sie erlaubt, Gründe der Reifung und des Herauswachsens als zentral für die Überwindung von Glücksspielproblemen in vielen Fällen zu erkennen.

As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and "staying at home" to curb its spread and impact. The fear resulting from the disease, the lockdown' situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding the future, and financial insecurity raise the level of stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by people all around the world. Psychoactive substances and other reinforcing behaviors (e.g., gambling, video gaming, watching pornography) are often used to reduce stress and anxiety and/or to alleviate depressed mood. The tendency to use such substances and engage in such behaviors in an excessive manner as putative coping strategies in crises like the COVID-19 pandemic is considerable. Moreover, the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) is even higher in the present crisis than usual. ICT has been crudal in keeping parts of the economy going, allowing large groups of people to work and study from home, enhancing social connectedness, providing greatly needed entertainment, etc. Although for the vast majority ICT use is adaptive and should not be pathologized, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. The present consensus guidance discusses these risks and makes some practical recommendations that may help diminish them.

As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and "staying at home" to curb its spread and impact. The fear resulting from the disease, the 'lockdown' situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding the future, and financial insecurity raise the level of stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by people all around the world. Psychoactive substances and other reinforcing behaviors (e.g., gambling, video gaming, watching pornography) are often used to reduce stress and anxiety and/or to alleviate depressed mood. The tendency to use such substances and engage in such behaviors in an excessive manner as putative coping strategies in crises like the COVID-19 pandemic is considerable. Moreover, the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) is even higher in the present crisis than usual. ICT has been crucial in keeping parts of the economy going, allowing large groups of people to work and study from home, enhancing social connectedness, providing greatly needed entertainment, etc. Although for the vast majority ICT use is adaptive and should not be pathologized, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. The present consensus guidance discusses these risks and makes some practical recommendations that may help diminish them.

As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and "staying at home" to curb its spread and impact. The fear resulting from the disease, the lockdown' situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding the future, and financial insecurity raise the level of stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by people all around the world. Psychoactive substances and other reinforcing behaviors (e.g., gambling, video gaming, watching pornography) are often used to reduce stress and anxiety and/or to alleviate depressed mood. The tendency to use such substances and engage in such behaviors in an excessive manner as putative coping strategies in crises like the COVID-19 pandemic is considerable. Moreover, the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) is even higher in the present crisis than usual. ICT has been crudal in keeping parts of the economy going, allowing large groups of people to work and study from home, enhancing social connectedness, providing greatly needed entertainment, etc. Although for the vast majority ICT use is adaptive and should not be pathologized, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. The present consensus guidance discusses these risks and makes some practical recommendations that may help diminish them. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.