Suchergebnisse

Machine generated contents note: Part I. Why A New Strategy is Needed; 1. Replacing the most influential indicator in the world; 2. Why is GDP successful?; 3. What does GDP measure (and what does it not)?; 4. Why is beyond-GDP not successful?; Part II. The New Strategy: A Community for Well-being and Sustainability; 5. Outline of the strategy; 6. Global environmental accounts (GENA); 7. Global societal accounts (GSA); 8. Global economic accounts (GECA); 9. Global distribution accounts (GDA); 10. Global quality accounts (GQA) and quality indicators; 11. Implementation of the strategy.

Increased spatial dependency of economic activities, as well as spatial differentiation of production and consumption, has implication for environmental policy. One of the issues that has gained importance is the responsibility for the emissions from products that cross national boundaries during its life cycle. This paper discusses the different ethical views of environmental responsibility. Furthermore, the policy measures that are associated with the different viewpoints on environmentally responsibility are analyzed in a novel dynamic two-country two-sector dynamic input-output model. A numerical example is used to illustrate that an ethically preferable tax, which takes account of environmental damages throughout the lifecycle of the product, is less effective that the current policy of taxing consumers of products. Therefore, we might conclude that policies that are based on ethically superior standpoints may have detrimental distortionary effects in the dynamic setting.

AbstractScientists have proposed many "Beyond-GDP" indicators to replace the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in order to quantify genuine societal development. While GDP is regularly projected, research on future trajectories of Beyond-GDP indicators is lacking, failing to meet policymakers' needs. Focusing on the Human Development Index (HDI), this paper attempts to calculate one of the first global well-being projections for 161 countries by 2100 using the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), the socioeconomic inputs underlying global climate change scenarios. The results indicate a potential global well-being improvement from medium to very high level, depending on the SSPs, with most countries reaching high human development under SSPs 1&5. While serving as an initial step in well-being projection, the results highlight a crucial gap in existing climate change models which are used by the IPCC—they inadequately account for the feedback effects of climate change on well-being. This oversight results in counterintuitive or potentially misleading well-being projections. Therefore, we propose steps to improve this situation. By synthesizing climate change feedback effects on HDI determinants, this assessment delves into their implications for well-being and further underscores the necessity for interdisciplinary collaborations among well-being researchers, climate scientists and policy modelers to achieve sound integral well-being projections.