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Hayek vs Keynes: A Battle of Ideas offers a clear historical account of the works of the two great totems of modern economic thought: Friedrich Hayek and John Maynard Keynes. Hayek's The Road to Serfdom and Keynes's The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money were written against a background of devastation following the First World War. Thomas Hoerber explains the historical context in which the books were written and shows how lessons can be drawn for current economic and political phenomena, such as the recent financial crisis, globalization and European integration. He illustrates how classical economic theory as well as a qualitative method in economics can enlighten our understanding of the present economic environment. With a broad European perspective, this book places the two great economic thinkers of the twentieth century in their historical context, and asks what we can learn from their work today.--

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the foundations of the European integration process through the lenses of the three major European powers: France, Germany, and Britain. It shows the predicaments, but also the potential the European integration process has for the future against the background of its foundation history.

This book examines the development of a European environmental conscience through successive steps of European integration in energy policy. In the 1960s-70s, the world was slowly beginning to realise that environment degradation was not sustainable. With phenomena such as acid rain, it became clear that pollution did not stop at national boundaries and the European environmental conscience developed in parallel to such growing environmental concerns. The oil crisis in 1973 was a turning point in the integration process for both energy policy and environment policy, and while further integration towards the European energy policy failed; the environmental policies took shape in measures such as energy saving. The Commission incorporated both energy and environmental policies into the EU policy canon and built an institutional framework, responding to the insufficiency of national policy answers and the developing environmental conscience of the European people. Thomas C. Hoerber is Associate Professor at the Centre for European Integration at the Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Commerciales (ESSCA), LUNAL University in Angers, France. Publisher's note.

"This book is focused on militarisation as the nucleus of EU space policy and the interrelatedness of European security, industrial competitiveness and military capabilities in the shaping of this policy. The EU and key member-states have increasingly joined the US, China and Russia, among others, in regarding space assets as critical military, but also economic, industrial and technological, enablers. The book tackles this issue by, first, shedding light on the military aspects of EU space policy, with special emphasis on the security and defence dimensions of projects such as Galileo, Copernicus, Space Situational Awareness, and Satellite Communication. In this context, contributors confront the empirical aspect of developments, including the role of different institutional actors and the involvement of specific member-states. Further, the volume analyzes the discursive, ideological, normative and theoretical foundations of the use of space by the EU for strategic purposes, drawing on the broad spectrum of European integration / International Relations theory. Last, but not least, the volume discusses initiatives outside the EU by key global space players, with an emphasis on the US and transatlantic space relations. All chapters maintain a solid empirical foundation, in the form of geographical or issue-related focus, with an area-specific emphasis on the EU as a whole, transatlantic relations, the policies of key member-states (such as France and Italy), and core space powers such as the US, China and India. This book will be of much interest to students of space power, security studies, European politics and International Relations"--

"Based on empirical studies of European energy and environmental policies, this book suggests that, in combination, these two policy fields form a consensus in the EU which might also become the basis for a new European ideology, namely European 'sustainabilism'. It asks why an environmental conscience has grown since the late 1960s in the industrialised world and shows that whilst there is undeniable environmental degradation during this time, and that a European environmental conscience has mainly developed through successive steps of European integration in energy policy. In this connection between energy and the environmental we find one driver for European integration and indeed European identity. If sustainabilism should become a European ideology, it will substantially influence the way future Europeans will live. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Studies, International Relations, Political Science, History, Economics, Sustainability Studies, Environmental and Energy Policies in Europe"--

This book builds a bridge between current research in space policy and contemporary European political studies by addressing developments in European space policy and its significance for European integration. It answers questions central to European studies applying them to the burgeoning field of EU space policy and takes an interdisciplinary approach, examining space policy in the light of a range of policy areas including common foreign security policy, technology policy, transport policy and internal market. Using a theoretical framework based around notions of neo-institutionalism to evaluate the evolving nature of space policy in Europe, the book provides clear insights into the development of the sector and the resulting developments made to the European political landscape. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of Space policy, EU studies/politics, European Studies/Politics, International Relations, Political Science, History Economics and Security Studies.

This book analyses the evolution of the sustainability discourse in the European Union, exploring the conditions necessary for sustainable development to move from a conceptual model into a model for action for strategic decision makers at all levels of governance. This book questions the extent to which the discourse on sustainability has become embedded into governance structures in Europe. It focuses on the importance of the nature of the language of the political discourse on sustainability and how ideas are communicated amongst the actors and stakeholders in the policy making process, as well as assessing the conceptual, political, institutional and operational barriers apparent across the European geographic region. Drawing case studies from numerous policy areas including climate change, EU emissions trading scheme, renewable energy, nuclear energy, the European integrated energy market, transport mobility, and environmental protection, expert contributors unveil a narrowing of the discourse on sustainability that has taken place in Europe. However, a considerable discontinuity remains between the economic and environmental objectives of sustainable development, and the authors argue that it is essential that conditions for a dynamic discourse, open to multiple participants, are developed. Sustainable Development and Governance in Europe will be of strong interest to students and scholars of comparative politics, governance, sustainable development and environmental politics and studies.

This book analyses the evolution of the sustainability discourse in the European Union, exploring the conditions necessary for sustainable development to move from a conceptual model into a model for action for strategic decision makers at all levels of governance. This book questions the extent to which the discourse on sustainability has become embedded into governance structures in Europe. It focuses on the importance of the nature of the language of the political discourse on sustainability and how ideas are communicated amongst the actors and stakeholders in the policy ma.

"This book fosters critical reflection on Europe's place in a fast-changing global environment, covering the soft and hard facets of EU power along the spectrum of low politics-high politics. Taking an innovative case-study approach, it provides a wide understanding of European Studies and International Relations beyond classical power considerations and addresses the crossroads of the two disciplines. Fundamentally, it addresses the specificity of the EU as an actor in International Relations and shows that the EU holds power and influence - creating opportunities for peace-making and peacebuilding - in a way classical IR theory would suggest it should not. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Studies, foreign policy analysis, International Relations, Security Studies, Political Science, History, Economics"--

"The Routledge Handbook of European Integrations fills a significant gap in the European studies literature by providing crucial and groundbreaking coverage of several key areas that are usually neglected or excluded in European integration collections. Whilst still examining the largest and most influential institutions, bodies and highly funded policy areas as acknowledged dominant topics in European studies, it crucially does so with much greater balance by devoting equal billing to areas such as such as culture in European integration or new technologies and their impact on the EU. Organised around three main sections - culture, technology and 'tangibles' - the book: offers an authoritative 'encyclopaedia' to 'alternative' areas in European integration, from media, football, Erasmus and Tourism, to transport, space, AI and energy; retains coverage of the dominant topics in European Studies, such as the Eurozone, the Common Internal Market, or European Law, but in balance with other areas of interest; provides an essential companion to existing scholarship in European Studies. The Routledge Handbook of European Integrations is essential reading and an authoritative reference for scholars, students, researchers and practitioners involved in, and actively concerned about, research in the study of European integration/studies"--

Foreword / Niklas Nienass -- Introduction / Sarah Lieberman, Harald Köpping Athanasopoulos, Thomas Hoerber -- Commercial and Private Actors in Space : What Does This Mean for the International Political economy? / Sarah Lieberman -- American and European space commercialisation : providing economic and humanitarian benefits while complementing state objectives / Matthea Brandenburg -- The Nigerian space sector : structure of power analysis / Kehinde Abolarin -- The early days of South Korean rocket technology / Andrew Thomas -- Public private partnerships and foreign direct investment for space / Maxime Nicholas, Sarah Lieberman -- Strategic autonomy, technological non-dependence and intellectual property rights in European Space Policy : "the right to choose" and "the right to say 'no'" / Lorna Ryan -- Towards a common European innovation policy : the case study of the European space industry / Felix Scheuenstuhl, Harald Köpping Athanasopoulos -- Does Britain have any choice but to compete in space? / John Maas -- Environmental protection in the solar system : the ethics of the commercialisation of space / Harald Köpping Athanasopoulos -- Legal considerations on space commercialization / Antonella Forganni -- Conclusion / Sarah Lieberman, Harald Köpping Athanasopoulos, Thomas Hoerber.