Suchergebnisse

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden erstmals Biographieverläufe von ehemaligen Methamphetaminkonsumenten im deutschsprachigen Raum untersucht und wichtige Erkenntnisse im Bereich der qualitativen Drogen- und Suchtforschung zur Verfügung gestellt. Es werden verschiedene biographische Prozesse identifiziert, die zum Drogenkonsum der Befragten geführt sowie zu dessen Bewältigung beigetragen haben. Die Ergebnisse der Studie deuten darauf hin, dass zukünftig die Individualität der Suchtverläufe der Betroffenen stärker in den Fokus gerückt werden muss, um verbesserte Hilfsangebote für verschiedene Phasen ihrer Abhängigkeit zur Verfügung stellen zu können. Auf diese Art und Weise können die Inanspruchnahme von Versorgungsangeboten sowie auch die Chancen auf eine gelingende Bewältigung des Drogenkonsums verbessert werden. Die Autorin Laura Hoffmann ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Medizinische Soziologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg sowie am Fachbereich Bildungs- und Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Fachhochschule Südwestfalen. Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte liegen in den Bereichen der qualitativen Methoden empirischer Sozialforschung, der Suchtforschung, der Versorgungsforschung sowie der Kinder- und Jugendforschung. .

Laura C. Hoffmann und Hans-R. Hartweg stellen auf Basis der Regelwerke ausgesuchter europäischer Nationen Vergleiche an, wie dort zum Schutz von Patientinnen und Patienten agiert wird. Nachdem in Deutschland das Patientenrechtegesetz verabschiedet wurde, das im Wesentlichen Patienten-Ansprüche in einer Rechtsgrundlage zusammenführt, ist eine Diskussion entbrannt, ob dieses Gesetz nicht eventuell zu kurz greift. Es kann dabei sinnvoll sein, den Blick auch über internationale Regeln schweifen zu lassen und einen Fokus auf Systeme zu legen, die auf historische oder institutionelle Entwicklungsverläufe schauen, die dem deutschen Gesundheitssystem ähneln. In einigen Nachbarstaaten sind entsprechende Patientenansprüche bereits tief verwurzelt und die Bürgerinnen und Bürger schauen auf eine lange Tradition entsprechender Regelwerke zurück. Der Inhalt: Pluralität und Diskussion der Rechtsgrundlagen zu den Patientenrechten in Deutschland - Gestaltung der Patientenrechte im europäischen Kontext. Die Zielgruppen: Dozierende und Studierende der Medizin Mediziner, Pflegepersonal, administrativ Tätige in der Gesundheitsbranche, Verbraucherschützer, gesundheitspolitisch Interessierte, Verbände, Lobbyisten Die Autoren Laura C. Hoffmann ist Gesundheitsökonomin und arbeitet im administrativen Bereich der EU- und internationalen Forschungsförderung der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen. Prof. Dr. rer. pol. Hans-R. Hartweg ist Studiendekan für die gesundheitsökonomischen Studiengänge im Bachelor- und Masterprogramm an der Hochschule Fresenius, Hamburg

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden erstmals Biographieverläufe von ehemaligen Methamphetaminkonsumenten im deutschsprachigen Raum untersucht und wichtige Erkenntnisse im Bereich der qualitativen Drogen- und Suchtforschung zur Verfügung gestellt. Es werden verschiedene biographische Prozesse identifiziert, die zum Drogenkonsum der Befragten geführt sowie zu dessen Bewältigung beigetragen haben. Die Ergebnisse der Studie deuten darauf hin, dass zukünftig die Individualität der Suchtverläufe der Betroffenen stärker in den Fokus gerückt werden muss, um verbesserte Hilfsangebote für verschiedene Phasen ihrer Abhängigkeit zur Verfügung stellen zu können. Auf diese Art und Weise können die Inanspruchnahme von Versorgungsangeboten sowie auch die Chancen auf eine gelingende Bewältigung des Drogenkonsums verbessert werden. Die Autorin Laura Hoffmann ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Medizinische Soziologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg sowie am Fachbereich Bildungs- und Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Fachhochschule Südwestfalen. Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte liegen in den Bereichen der qualitativen Methoden empirischer Sozialforschung, der Suchtforschung, der Versorgungsforschung sowie der Kinder- und Jugendforschung.

Hintergrund: Für Deutschland sind kaum Daten zur Implementierung schulischer Tabakkontrolle bekannt, die sowohl die Perspektive von Lehrer- als auch von Schüler*innen einbeziehen. Ziel der Studie ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen implementierter schulischer Tabakkontrollpolitik und der wahrgenommenen Raucherprävalenz auf den Ebenen des Schulpersonals und der Jugendlichen zu untersuchen. Methoden: Die wiederholte Querschnittsstudie (2013 und 2017) basiert auf gepoolten Angaben von 13- bis 17-jährigen Jugendlichen (N = 2393) und Schulpersonal (N = 85) aus 25 Schulen in der westdeutschen Metropolregion Hannover. In linearen Regressionsmodellen werden durchschnittlich marginale Effekte (AMEs) mit 95 %-Konfidenzintervallen (KI95 %) und robuste Standardfehler für die wahrgenommenen Tabakprävalenzen getrennt für die von Lehrer- und Schüler*innen bewertete schulische Tabakkontrollpolitik (Skala 0–6) unter Kontrolle soziodemografischer, schul- und rauchspezifischer Variablen berichtet. Ergebnisse: Die Jugendlichen nehmen durchschnittlich eine Raucherprävalenz von 30 % (x¯¯¯=30,2 ; s: 24,0) für ihre Schule wahr. Eine strikte schulische Tabakkontrolle ist konsistent mit einer geringeren schulischen Raucherprävalenz assoziiert, sowohl aus Sicht von Lehrer- (AME: −3,54 KI95 % −6,49 bis −0,58) als auch der Schüler*innen (AME: −1,69 KI95 % −2,52 bis −0,86). Die Anzahl rauchender Freunde (z. B. "die meisten" +14 %: AME: 14,13 KI95 % 10,46–17,80) und der Schultyp sind die relevantesten Determinanten für eine hohe schulische Raucherprävalenz. Nichtgymnasiale Schulformen berichten eine 15 % (AME: 15,03 KI95 % 10,13–19,93) höhere Raucherprävalenz im Vergleich zu Gymnasien. Diskussion: Progressive schulische Tabakkontrollpolitiken sollten den Fokus auf nichtgymnasiale Schulformen, Risikogruppen und jene Schulen legen, die Tabakkontrolle nicht strikt durchsetzen. ; Publikationsfond MLU

School tobacco policies (STPs) are a crucial strategy to reduce adolescents smoking. Existing studies have investigated STPs predominantly from a school-related 'insider' view. Yet, little is known about barriers that are not identified from the 'schools' perspective', such as perceptions of local stakeholders. Forty-six expert interviews from seven European cities with stakeholders at the local level (e.g. representatives of regional health departments, youth protection and the field of addiction prevention) were included. The analysis of the expert interviews revealed different barriers that should be considered during the implementation of STPs. These barriers can be subsumed under the following: (i) Barriers regarding STP legislature (e.g. inconsistencies, partial bans), (ii) collaboration and cooperation problems between institutions and schools, (iii) low priority of smoking prevention and school smoking bans, (iv) insufficient human resources and (v) resistance among smoking students and students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Our findings on the expert's perspective indicate a need to enhance and implement comprehensive school smoking bans. Furthermore, collaboration and cooperation between schools and external institutions should be fostered and strengthened, and adequate human resources should be provided.

School tobacco policies (STPs) are a crucial strategy to reduce adolescents smoking. Existing studies have investigated STPs predominantly from a school-related 'insider' view. Yet, little is known about barriers that are not identified from the 'schools' perspective', such as perceptions of local stakeholders. Forty-six expert interviews from seven European cities with stakeholders at the local level (e.g. representatives of regional health departments, youth protection and the field of addiction prevention) were included. The analysis of the expert interviews revealed different barriers that should be considered during the implementation of STPs. These barriers can be subsumed under the following: (i) Barriers regarding STP legislature (e.g. inconsistencies, partial bans), (ii) collaboration and cooperation problems between institutions and schools, (iii) low priority of smoking prevention and school smoking bans, (iv) insufficient human resources and (v) resistance among smoking students and students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Our findings on the expert's perspective indicate a need to enhance and implement comprehensive school smoking bans. Furthermore, collaboration and cooperation between schools and external institutions should be fostered and strengthened, and adequate human resources should be provided.

This study aimed to assess where European adolescents smoke. Data of 2,140 13-19-year-olds from 55 secondary schools in seven European cities was analysed using multilevel logistic regression analyses. Adolescents most often reported regularly smoking in 'other public locations (e.g., streets and parks)' (69%) and friends' homes (50%). Adolescents were less likely to smoke in bars, at school or at home when exposed to strong smoking bans at these locations. Bans on smoking in bars or at home were associated with regular smoking in other public locations, suggesting that smoking may have displaced towards these locations. ; publishersversion ; published

BACKGROUND: Studies comparing adolescent e-cigarette use in different countries are scarce. We study students' e-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, their social correlates and e-liquid use in seven EU countries. METHODS: SILNE-R data (N=12 167, response rate 79.4%) of 14-17-year-olds from Amersfoort (NL), Coimbra (PT), Dublin (IR), Hanover (GE), Latina (IT), Namur (BE) and Tampere (FI) were used. E-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, dual-use, type of e-liquid and social correlates were measured with a school survey and analyzed with cross-tabulations and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: About 34% had tried e-cigarettes, but the variation was large between the cities (Latina 50%; Hanover 23%). Of e-cigarette ever-users, 37% had used nicotine e-liquid, 43% exclusively non-nicotine liquid and 20% did not know the content. Nicotine e-liquid was more prevalent among monthly e-cigarette users and weekly smoking e-cigarette users. The social correlates were mainly the same for exclusive e-cigarette ever-use, exclusive conventional cigarette ever-use and dual-use. Boys had greater odds for exclusive e-cigarette and dual-use compared to girls. Of social correlates, low academic achievement and parental smoking were positively associated with all categories of use, but parental education and immigrant background were not. The strongest association was found between peer smoking (most/all best friends smoke) and dual-use (OR 34.29). CONCLUSIONS: Students' e-cigarette ever-use varies greatly between EU countries. E-cigarettes seem not to be a substitute for conventional cigarettes but more a complementary product. Tobacco control policies might also prevent e-cigarette use but specific regulations on e-cigarettes are needed to prevent nicotine addiction originating from them. ; publishedVersion ; Peer reviewed

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. ; BACKGROUND: Studies comparing adolescent e-cigarette use in different countries are scarce. We study students' e-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, their social correlates and e-liquid use in seven EU countries. METHODS: SILNE-R data (N=12 167, response rate 79.4%) of 14-17-year-olds from Amersfoort (NL), Coimbra (PT), Dublin (IR), Hanover (GE), Latina (IT), Namur (BE) and Tampere (FI) were used. E-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, dual-use, type of e-liquid and social correlates were measured with a school survey and analyzed with cross-tabulations and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: About 34% had tried e-cigarettes, but the variation was large between the cities (Latina 50%; Hanover 23%). Of e-cigarette ever-users, 37% had used nicotine e-liquid, 43% exclusively non-nicotine liquid and 20% did not know the content. Nicotine e-liquid was more prevalent among monthly e-cigarette users and weekly smoking e-cigarette users. The social correlates were mainly the same for exclusive e-cigarette ever-use, exclusive conventional cigarette ever-use and dual-use. Boys had greater odds for exclusive e-cigarette and dual-use compared to girls. Of social correlates, low academic achievement and parental smoking were positively associated with all categories of use, but parental education and immigrant background were not. The strongest association was found between peer smoking (most/all best friends smoke) and dual-use (OR 34.29). CONCLUSIONS: Students' e-cigarette ever-use varies greatly between EU countries. E-cigarettes seem not to be a substitute for conventional cigarettes but more a complementary product. Tobacco control policies might also prevent e-cigarette use but specific regulations on e-cigarettes are needed to prevent nicotine addiction originating from them. ; publishersversion ; published

Background: Studies comparing adolescent e-cigarette use in different countries are scarce. We study students' ecigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, their social correlates and e-liquid use in seven EU countries. Methods: SILNE-R data (N¼12 167, response rate 79.4%) of 14–17-year-olds from Amersfoort (NL), Coimbra (PT), Dublin (IR), Hanover (GE), Latina (IT), Namur (BE) and Tampere (FI) were used. E-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, dual-use, type of e-liquid and social correlates were measured with a school survey and analyzed with cross-tabulations and multinomial logistic regression. Results: About 34% had tried e-cigarettes, but the variation was large between the cities (Latina 50%; Hanover 23%). Of e-cigarette ever-users, 37% had used nicotine e-liquid, 43% exclusively non-nicotine liquid and 20% did not know the content. Nicotine e-liquid was more prevalent among monthly e-cigarette users and weekly smoking e-cigarette users. The social correlates were mainly the same for exclusive e-cigarette ever-use, exclusive conventional cigarette ever-use and dual-use. Boys had greater odds for exclusive e-cigarette and dual-use compared to girls. Of social correlates, low academic achievement and parental smoking were positively associated with all categories of use, but parental education and immigrant background were not. The strongest association was found between peer smoking (most/all best friends smoke) and dual-use (OR 34.29). Conclusions: Students' e-cigarette ever-use varies greatly between EU countries. E-cigarettes seem not to be a substitute for conventional cigarettes but more a complementary product. Tobacco control policies might also prevent e-cigarette use but specific regulations on e-cigarettes are needed to prevent nicotine addiction originating from them.

Background: Studies comparing adolescent e-cigarette use in different countries are scarce. We study students' ecigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, their social correlates and e-liquid use in seven EU countries. Methods: SILNE-R data (N¼12 167, response rate 79.4%) of 14–17-year-olds from Amersfoort (NL), Coimbra (PT), Dublin (IR), Hanover (GE), Latina (IT), Namur (BE) and Tampere (FI) were used. E-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, dual-use, type of e-liquid and social correlates were measured with a school survey and analyzed with cross-tabulations and multinomial logistic regression. Results: About 34% had tried e-cigarettes, but the variation was large between the cities (Latina 50%; Hanover 23%). Of e-cigarette ever-users, 37% had used nicotine e-liquid, 43% exclusively non-nicotine liquid and 20% did not know the content. Nicotine e-liquid was more prevalent among monthly e-cigarette users and weekly smoking e-cigarette users. The social correlates were mainly the same for exclusive e-cigarette ever-use, exclusive conventional cigarette ever-use and dual-use. Boys had greater odds for exclusive e-cigarette and dual-use compared to girls. Of social correlates, low academic achievement and parental smoking were positively associated with all categories of use, but parental education and immigrant background were not. The strongest association was found between peer smoking (most/all best friends smoke) and dual-use (OR 34.29). Conclusions: Students' e-cigarette ever-use varies greatly between EU countries. E-cigarettes seem not to be a substitute for conventional cigarettes but more a complementary product. Tobacco control policies might also prevent e-cigarette use but specific regulations on e-cigarettes are needed to prevent nicotine addiction originating from them.

BACKGROUND: Studies comparing adolescent e-cigarette use in different countries are scarce. We study students' e-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, their social correlates and e-liquid use in seven EU countries. METHODS: SILNE-R data (N=12 167, response rate 79.4%) of 14–17-year-olds from Amersfoort (NL), Coimbra (PT), Dublin (IR), Hanover (GE), Latina (IT), Namur (BE) and Tampere (FI) were used. E-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, dual-use, type of e-liquid and social correlates were measured with a school survey and analyzed with cross-tabulations and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: About 34% had tried e-cigarettes, but the variation was large between the cities (Latina 50%; Hanover 23%). Of e-cigarette ever-users, 37% had used nicotine e-liquid, 43% exclusively non-nicotine liquid and 20% did not know the content. Nicotine e-liquid was more prevalent among monthly e-cigarette users and weekly smoking e-cigarette users. The social correlates were mainly the same for exclusive e-cigarette ever-use, exclusive conventional cigarette ever-use and dual-use. Boys had greater odds for exclusive e-cigarette and dual-use compared to girls. Of social correlates, low academic achievement and parental smoking were positively associated with all categories of use, but parental education and immigrant background were not. The strongest association was found between peer smoking (most/all best friends smoke) and dual-use (OR 34.29). CONCLUSIONS: Students' e-cigarette ever-use varies greatly between EU countries. E-cigarettes seem not to be a substitute for conventional cigarettes but more a complementary product. Tobacco control policies might also prevent e-cigarette use but specific regulations on e-cigarettes are needed to prevent nicotine addiction originating from them.