Suchergebnisse

A portrait of juvenile offending in the United States / Kirk R. Williams, Louis Tuthill, and Shoon Lio -- Theoretical and research advances in understanding the causes of juvenile offending / Nancy G. Guerra... [et al.] -- Assessment in juvenile justice systems / Robert D. Hoge -- What works : best practices with juvenile offenders / Nancy G. Guerra, Tia E. Kim, & Paul Boxer -- Implementing treatment programs in community and institutional settings / Nancy G. Guerra & Caren Leaf -- How policy affects practice in the treatment of juvenile offenders : the California experience / Elizabeth Siggins & Amy Seidlitz -- Treatment of violent offenders / Paul Boxer & Paul J. Frick -- Treating gang involved offenders / Robert Nash Parker... [et al.] -- Juvenile sexual offending : an evidence-based approach to assessment and intervention / Gary O'Reilly & Clodagh Ann Dowling -- Mental health and substance abuse / Bonita M. Veysey -- Juvenile offenders with special education needs / Carolyn R. Eggleston -- The female juvenile offender / Robert D. Hoge & Lynda Robertson

The problem of criminal behavior among youth is one faced by every society. The Juvenile Offender: Theory, Research and Applications presents a discussion of advances in our understanding of the juvenile offender. These derive from psychological and criminological theory and research and from efforts on the part of social science researchers and practitioners to develop and evaluate new approaches to the prevention and treatment of the serious problem of youth crime

Este trabajo constituye la monografía número cuatro de la serie especial sobre Transición desde la delincuencia juvenil a la delincuencia adulta. El primer artículo (sobre transición delictiva) se publicó en el número 9 la REIC (2011), y los dos siguientes (respectivamente, sobre patrones de la carrera delictiva y sobre explicaciones teóricas de las transiciones delictivas) en el número 11 (2013). Su propósito específico es revisar el conocimiento científico disponible acerca de la predicción temprana de la delincuencia adulta (entre las edades de 18 a 29 años). Para ello, se tomará como base la investigación sobre desarrollo juvenil y sobre instrumentos de predicción de riesgo. El artículo se abre con una discusión general sobre evaluación y predicción, incluida la propia predicción de riesgo y sus aspectos éticos y legales. A continuación se resumen los principales factores de riesgo que se asocian a la actividad delictiva. También se debaten diversas cuestiones técnicas de las evaluaciones de riesgo, a la vez que se revisan los principales instrumentos de evaluación de riesgo existentes, tanto con delincuentes juveniles como adultos. El trabajo finaliza con diversas recomendaciones, tanto clínicas como de investigación, en relación con la evaluación y la predicción del riesgo.

Careful reading of the literature on the psychology of criminal conduct and of prior reviews of studies of treatment effects suggests that neither criminal sanctioning without provision of rehabilitative service nor servicing without reference to clinical principles of rehabilitation will succeed in reducing recidivism. What works, in our view, is the delivery of appropriate correctional service, and appropriate service reflects three psychological principles: (1) delivery of service to higher risk cases, (2) targeting of criminogenic needs, and (3) use of styles and modes of treatment (e.g., cognitive and behavioral) that are matched with client need and learning styles. These principles were applied to studies of juvenile and adult correctional treatment, which yielded 154 phi coefficients that summarized the magnitude and direction of the impact of treatment on recidivism. The effect of appropriate correctional service (mean phi = .30) was significantly (p <.05) greater than that of unspecified correctional service (.13), and both were more effective than inappropriate service (−.06) and non‐service criminal sanctioning (−.07). Service was effective within juvenile and adult corrections, in studies published before and after 1980, in randomized and nonrandomized designs, and in diversionary, community, and residential programs (albeit, attenuated in residential settings). Clinical sensitivity and a psychologically informed perspective on crime may assist in the renewed service, research, and conceptual efforts that are strongly indicated by our review.