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Intro -- Pictures -- Supporting information -- Who is this book for -- A New Home in the Community -- How to read A New Home in the Community -- Storyline -- What happens when people move home -- Everyone needs a home -- Moving home -- Getting the support to live as you want to -- Useful resources -- Related titles -- Authors -- Beyond Words publications and training -- Copyright information.

Intro -- Pictures -- Supporting information -- Who is this book for -- A Family at Work -- How to read A Family at Work -- Reading Books Beyond Words to help think about work -- The right to work and mental wellbeing -- Volunteering -- Starting your own business -- Useful resources -- Related titles -- Authors and artist -- Beyond Words publications and training -- Copyright information.

Intro -- Pictures -- Bill Banks, Jane Gunn and Anna Lee arrive at the hospital -- Jane Gunn meets the doctor -- Jane Gunn has an ultrasound -- Bill Banks meets the doctor -- Bill Banks has an x-ray and plaster -- Anna Lee goes to see the ear, nose and throat doctor -- Anna Lee has a hearing test -- Supporting information -- Who is this book for -- Going to Out-Patients -- How to read Going to Out-Patients -- Storyline -- How to explain some medical words simply -- A guide for hospital staff -- Useful resources -- Related titles in the Books Beyond Words series -- Authors -- Beyond Words publications and training -- Copyright information.

Intro -- Pictures -- Supporting information -- Who is this book for -- Am I Going to Die -- How to read Am I Going to Die -- Storyline -- Introduction -- Guide for supporters -- Guide for healthcare professionals -- Useful resources -- Related titles -- Authors -- Beyond Words publications and training -- Copyright information.

While the numbers of young people who become parents in their teenage years is declining, there remains a stigma associated with young parenthood. Young parents disrupt socially constructed ideas of the family and challenge ideals of childhood. It is common for young parents to have experienced social exclusion and poverty as well as to have relatively low educational achievement prior to parenthood. Less common, though, is the idea that becoming a parent in late teenage years may enable the development of aspiration, promote maturity and responsibility, and potentially lead to enhanced life chances for these young people. This article draws on interview data with 10 young women and 5 young men who were parents and aged between 16 and 19, along with findings from interviews carried out with a range of professionals working in the field of teenage pregnancy. Young people describe the transformative effect of parenthood on their young lives, and challenge accepted views of the negative impact of becoming a young parent.

While the numbers of young people who become parents in their teenage years is declining, there remains a stigma associated with young parenthood. Young parents disrupt socially constructed ideas of the family and challenge ideals of childhood. It is common for young parents to have experienced social exclusion and poverty as well as to have relatively low educational achievement prior to parenthood. Less common, though, is the idea that becoming a parent in late teenage years may enable the development of aspiration, promote maturity and responsibility, and potentially lead to enhanced life chances for these young people. This article draws on interview data with 10 young women and 5 young men who were parents and aged between 16 and 19, along with findings from interviews carried out with a range of professionals working in the field of teenage pregnancy. Young people describe the transformative effect of parenthood on their young lives, and challenge accepted views of the negative impact of becoming a young parent.

Background  The experience of caring for a son or daughter with an intellectual disability has long been recognized as stressful. The long‐term health costs for parents of people with intellectual disability have attracted some recent research attention, but mortality has not been studied.Methods  The present authors examined mortality as measured by the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and cause of death for parents of people with intellectual disability, identified through an intellectual disability register in Merton, south London.Results  Although there was a trend for lower SMRs particularly for mothers, SMRs were not significantly different from unity. Subgroups of parents whose child was cared for predominantly in an institution, or in the family home were analysed and similarly showed no significant difference from unity. The same applied to cause of death analyses.Conclusions  These findings offer some reassurance to parents of people with intellectual disability. There is an urgent need for further research in this area.

While information from other countries suggests varying degrees of knowledge about foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), understanding of the condition among UK health professionals is unclear. This mixed methodology study aims to ascertain the UK picture. It comprised a standardised FASD questionnaire completed by 505 professionals and focus groups using semi-structured interviews. Among those professionals who attended focus groups, five broad themes were identified: lack of knowledge: need for consistent guidance; stigma: need for early intervention; and need for support services. The study highlights a need for training and improved recognition by professionals. Reluctance to diagnose could be due to associated stigma and therefore not merely reflect lack of knowledge. As an avoidable disorder the importance of prevention, as well as early identification of FASD to avert secondary disabilities such as mental health issues, highlights the need for specialist diagnostic and support services.

AbstractIn 2018, the authors published their analysis of nine online case reports by the Euthanasia Review Committee in the Netherlands, involving people with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder who were given euthanasia. In this commentary, they reflect further on the challenges of assessing "unbearable suffering without prospect of improvement," which is one of the Dutch legal due care criteria. Two more recent case reports are presented in detail, where doctors struggled to assess and sometimes came to divergent conclusions. In both cases, limitations resulting from the intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder were seen by physicians as causes of unbearable suffering, leading them to agreeing to the patient's euthanasia request. The authors discuss their concern about the implications of accepting the effects of lifelong disability as reasons for euthanasia, not only for individuals but for society as a whole.

Background: Euthanasia and assisted suicide (EAS) have been legally possible in the Netherlands since 2001, provided that statutory due care criteria are met, including: (a) voluntary and well-considered request; (b) unbearable suffering without prospect of improvement; (c) informing the patient; (d) lack of a reasonable alternative; (e) independent second physician's opinion. 'Unbearable suffering' must have a medical basis, either somatic or psychiatric, but there is no requirement of limited life expectancy. All EAS cases must be reported and are scrutinised by regional review committees (RTE). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether any particular difficulties arise when the EAS due care criteria are applied to patients with an intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder. Methods: The 416 case summaries available on the RTE website (2012-2016) were searched for intellectual disability (6) and autism spectrum disorder (3). Direct content analysis was used on these nine cases. Results: Assessment of decisional capacity was mentioned in eight cases, but few details given; in two cases, there had been uncertainty or disagreement about capacity. Two patients had progressive somatic conditions. For most, suffering was due to an inability to cope with changing circumstances or increasing dependency; in several cases, suffering was described in terms of characteristics of living with an autism spectrum disorder, rather than an acquired medical condition. Some physicians struggled to understand the patient's perspective. Treatment refusal was a common theme, leading physicians to conclude that EAS was the only remaining option. There was a lack of detail on social circumstances and how patients were informed about their prognosis. Conclusions: Autonomy and decisional capacity are highly complex for patients with intellectual disabilities and difficult to assess; capacity tests in these cases did not appear sufficiently stringent. Assessment of suffering is particularly difficult for patients ...