Suchergebnisse

Gegenstand der rechtsphilosophischen und rechtstheoretischen Erwägungen ist die Suche nach einer Antwort auf die Frage nach dem Wesen des Rechts und der Struktur des juristischen Denkens. Eine mögliche Antwort ist die juristische Topik, der dieses Buch gewidmet ist. Die Untersuchung gründet sich auf die Topikthese, die Theodor Viehweg für die Jurisprudenz vorgeschlagen hat, die lautet, dass richtiges Rechtsdenken überall und immer topisch sei. Ihre Begründetheit wird aus der Perspektive der Erfindung und Begründung geprüft und in Frage gestellt, und zwar durch das Aufzeigen der Unselbständigke

The subject matter of the article is notarial preventive jurisdiction and its rules provided in the Polish law, with an emphasis laid on refusal of performing a notarial transaction, pursuant to Art. 81 of the Law on Institution of Notary Public and Notarial Services. The issue under analysis boils down to answering the question whether the prerequisite for refusing a notarial transaction in the form of 'contradiction with the law' covers only the statutory law or also the principles of community life. According to the essential thesis of the article, the systemic and functional reasons advocate taking a stand on having the concept of law limited exclusively to a statute. A Notary Public, for being a person of public trust, is to be a guardian of the legitimacy of a notarial act conceived not only as a conflict with the statutory law, but also with the axiology resulting from other normative systems, including principles of community life. The objective of notarial preventive jurisdiction is to make institutional and procedural frameworks for legal entities which make declarations, which should, in turn, secure the safety of legal transactions, including protection of parties of legal transactions, the efficiency of execution of their rights, as well as that of the rights of third parties and the State. It means that in the course of a 'notarial procedure', the Notary Public is obliged not only to apply simply the statutory rules, but also to investigate and to examine the circumstances which might imply the illegitimacy of a notarial action due to a conflict with the law or with the principles of community life.

The subject of the discussionis the problem of the rule of law, considered from the perspective of the European Union and the Republic of Poland, as a member state of this organization. The rule of law is considered to be one of the cornerstones of the functioning of the EU and individual Member States. Determining the content of this concept raises difficulties related to the lack of its legal definition. However, it may be helpful to refer to the findings of legal theory regarding the distinction between the formal and material understanding of this principle. At the level of the European Union, there is also a reference to other concepts that also describe the issue of compliance with the law by authorities. Not only acts of EU law, but also the case-law of the Court of Justice are important in determining the content of the concept of the rule of law. Similar problems also exist at national level. An additional source of controversy, however, is the different approach of the Polish authorities to the way of understanding the rule of law, and especially the qualification of actions of public authorities that are accused of violating this principle. The aim of the analysisis to determine the causes of such a state and to propose possible solutions to the problems resulting from it.

Pierwsza część rozważań poświęcona jest analizie pojęcia polityczności. Jej celem jest roz-graniczenie odmiennych znaczeń polityczności wraz z ich odniesieniem do działalności polskiego sądu konstytucyjnego w sferze kontroli konstytucyjności prawa. Część druga opracowania dotyczy czynników determinujących wkraczanie przez Trybunał Konstytucyjny w niedozwoloną dla tego organu sferę polityczności, a w konsekwencji upolitycznienie jego funkcjonowania. Czynniki te związane są zarówno z konstytucyjnymi wzorcami kontroli prawa, jak i jej przedmiotem. Autorzy podjęli też próbę wskazania elementów materialnych i proceduralnych działalności sądu konstytu-cyjnego, które mogą służyć ochronie apolityczności tego organu władzy sądowniczej.

One of the manifestations of the systemic crisis in Poland is progressive centralization in the management of local affairs. The causes of the phenomenon under analysis can be justifiably traced to three factors that are complementary to each other. First, in a constitutional model of the local government which assumes that the legislator has a decisive influence on the scope of tasks entrusted to local government units as well as on the degree of independence of their execution. A consequence of a crisis around the agencies of the third estate is also the weakening of the efficiency of judicial measures of protection of that independence. Secondly, a considerable influence upon the phenomenon under analysis is exerted by the strategy for fighting the pandemic adopted by the public authorities based upon the construction of a 'hybrid' state of emergency where the dominant role is played by the central public authorities. Thirdly, further politicization of the local government has become a particular feature of its operation in the times of the pandemic.