Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Vorwort -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- 1 Globaler Klimawandel: die Grundlagen -- 1.1 Physik des Treibhauseffekts -- 1.2 Anthropogener Treibhauseffekt -- 1.3 Räumliche Verteilung von Treibhausgasen und globaler Charakter des Treibhauseffektes -- 1.4 Kohlenstoffsenken -- 1.5 Globale und regionale Trends des Klimawandels -- 1.5.1 Temperatur -- 1.5.2 Wasserkreislauf -- 1.5.3 Permafrost -- 1.6 Atmosphärische Zirkulation und ihre Beeinflussung durch die Klimaerwärmung -- 1.6.1 Grundlagen und Einfluss der Klimaerwärmung auf Extremwetterlagen -- 1.6.2 Telekonnektionen -- 1.7 Klimaprojektionen -- 1.8 Die Klimaerwärmung als Teil des globalen Wandels -- 1.9 Natürliche Klimaschwankungen -- 1.9.1 Natürliche Einflussfaktoren auf das Klima -- 1.9.2 Klimavariabilität im Holozän -- Literatur -- 2 Physiologische Anpassung und Migration als Antworten auf den Klimawandel -- 2.1 Physiologische Anpassung -- 2.2 Migration -- Literatur -- 3 Tundren und polare Wüsten -- 3.1 Abgrenzung und Charakterisierung der Tundren gegenüber den polaren Wüsten -- 3.2 Limitierung durch Klimafaktoren und Nährstoffmangel -- 3.2.1 Kältelimitierung -- 3.2.2 Nährstoffversorgung -- 3.3 Erwärmung der Polarregionen -- 3.3.1 Arktis -- 3.3.1.1 Nordpolarmeer -- 3.3.1.2 Grönland -- 3.3.1.3 Übrige Landgebiete -- 3.3.2 Antarktis -- 3.3.2.1 Westliche Antarktis mit Antarktischer Halbinsel -- 3.3.2.2 Östliche Antarktis -- 3.3.2.3 Eismassenbilanz für die gesamte Antarktis -- 3.4 Degradation des Permafrosts -- 3.4.1 Arktis -- 3.4.2 Antarktis -- 3.5 Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf den Nährstoffhaushalt -- 3.6 Veränderungen in der Vegetation -- 3.6.1 Arktis -- 3.6.1.1 Effekte der verbesserten Nährstoffverfügbarkeit -- 3.6.1.2 Verbuschung der Tundren -- 3.6.1.3 Konkurrenzverhältnisse zwischen Höheren Pflanzen und Kryptogamen.

Tropical mountain forests are very rich in species and are generally considered as hotspots of biodiversity. They are also of great ecological importance as sources of water and other ecosystem services for millions of people living in the tropics. However, these valuable forest ecosystems are now increasingly being fragmented, reduced and disturbed by human interventions. This book originated from a lecture series on the tropical mountain forest organized by the Göttingen Centre of Biodiversity and Ecology and held at the University of Göttingen, Germany during the summer term of 2007. The volume presents a synthesis of current ecological research in Germany on the tropical mountain forest, from an interdisciplinary perspective.

Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1.Tropical mountain forests - distribution and general features -- 2. Tropical mountain forest dynamics in Mata Atlantica and northern Andean biodiversity hotspots during the late Quaternary -- 3. Diversity and endemism in tropical montane forests - from patterns to processes -- 4. Epiphytes of tropical montane forests - impact of deforestation and climate change -- 5. Mycorrhizal fungi and plant diversity in tropical mountain rainforest of southern Ecuador -- 6. The soil fauna of a tropical mountain rainforest in southern Ecuador: structure and functioning -- 7. The influence of topography on forest structure and regeneration dynamics in an Ecuadorian montane forest -- 8. Carbon allocation and productivity in tropical mountain forests -- 9. Hydrology of natural and anthropogenically altered tropical montane rainforests with special reference to rainfall interception -- 10. Soil, climate and vegetation in tropical montane forests - a case study from the Yungas, Bolivia -- 11. Indigenous land use practices and biodiversity conservation in southern Ecuador -- 12. Sustainable management of tropical mountain forests in Ecuador -- 13. Ecological aspects of a biodiversity hotspot in the Andes of southern Ecuador.

Land-use change and intensification have a substantial impact on tropical mountain ecosystems worldwide. However, our understanding of how anthropogenic changes affect different facets of tree diversity and community composition as well as ecosystem functioning along elevational gradients remains limited. Therefore, the main objective of my doctoral dissertation was to examine how interactive effects of elevation and forest-use intensity impact tree species diversity, community composition, functional diversity, functional redundancy and forest structure patterns along an elevational gradie...

The long-term survival of Andean forest landscapes (AFL) and of their capacity to contribute to sustainable development in a context of global change requires integrated adaptation and mitigation responses informed by a thorough understanding of the dynamic and complex interactions between their ecological and social components. This article proposes a research agenda that can help guide AFL research efforts for the next 15 years. The agenda was developed between July 2015 and June 2016 through a series of workshops in Ecuador, Peru, and Switzerland and involved 48 researchers and development experts working on AFL from different disciplinary perspectives. Based on our review of current research and identification of pressing challenges for the conservation and sustainable governance of AFL, we propose a conceptual framework that draws on sustainability sciences and social–ecological systems research, and we identify a set of high-priority research goals and objectives organized into 3 broad categories: systems knowledge, target knowledge, and transformation knowledge. This paper is intended to be a reference for a broad array of actors engaged in policy, research, and implementation in the Andean region. We hope it will trigger collaborative research initiatives for the continued conservation and sustainable governance of AFL.