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Humans have long utilized the surrounding landscape and organisms as life resources and developed new species of organisms through cultivation. The utilization of biodiversity has played a vital role in advancing human culture, specifically regarding food and habitation. This accumulated knowledge on the ecosystem has transcended geographical boundaries of rivers, mountains, and seas, spreading to other countries where it has been adjusted or adopted. In addition, the languages and dialects of ethnic minorities, which comprise the biocultural diversity within the ecosystem, are becoming fragmented or disappearing as a result of syncretism due to impact of rapid westernization, urbanization, and development. Indigenous languages contain countless terminologies that reflect ecological characteristics of organisms and resources within a specific region, and if the ecosystem no longer exists, the language also disappears. Preserving and sustainably using indiscreetly-exploited natural ecosystems and biological resources is the way to protect and sustain the value of culture. Culture develops with high dependence on biological resources. World organizations such as IUCN, CBD, and UNESCO have already reported that the growing human population will increasingly rely on bio(resource)diversity. Like such, the relationship between biodiversity and cultural diversity, as demonstrated through flexibility, dynamics, and complementation observed during the interaction between these two paradigms, has emerged as a crucial model for achieving balance and coexistence necessary for human survival in the future. This paper will discuss the value of biocultural diversity, focusing on the relationship between geographical and typological characteristics of the island and seascape as well as the utilization of ecological resources. This study will further discuss how human geographical changes caused by socioeconomic influence within an island affect biocultural diversity and islandness through cases of island region in South Korea, Iriomote Island of Okinawa, and Pulau Madura, Indonesia.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Concept and Approaches -- 1 Guiding Young Scholars in Order to Integrate Their Various Research into Landscape Ecology -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Landscape Ecological Interpretation and the Leader's Views on Our Scientific Achievements -- 2.1 The Soil Seed Bank Study in Forest Ecosystems as an Example "Stone" Ecology -- 2.2 Leading Young Scholars to the Ecology of "Scissors" and Establishment of IALE-Japan -- 2.3 "Paper" Ecology to Institute Ecological Standardization Among Young International Scholars -- 3 Ideal Structures and Management Technologies for Ecological Projects -- 4 A Retrospect and Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Island Biocultural Diversity Initiative for Sustainable Society in Asia-Pacific Island Regions -- Abstract -- 1 The Background of the Initiative for the Biocultural Diversity of the Global Islands -- 2 The Spreading of the Concept of 'Biocultural Diversity' to the Islands -- 3 The Vision of the Island Biocultural Diversity Initiative for the Global Island Regions -- 3.1 The Three Big Goals -- 3.1.1 The Preservation and the Utilization of the Biocultural Diversity of the Islands -- 3.1.2 The Researches and the Supporting Activities -- 3.1.3 The Cooperation Through the Organization of a Global Network -- 3.2 The Five Plans (Tasks) for Pursuing the Three Big Goals -- 3.2.1 The Support Regarding the Vulnerable Ecosystems -- 3.2.2 The New Understanding of the Ecosystem Services -- 3.2.3 The Invigoration of the Regions and the Formation of the Social Safety Networks -- 3.2.4 The Preservation of the Biocultures of the Islands Resulting from the Climate Change and the Global Warming -- 3.2.5 The Understanding Regarding the Coexistence of the Nature and the Human Beings in the Limited Spaces.

This book is devoted to the cultural and biological dimensions and values of landscapes, linking the concepts of biodiversity, landscape and culture and presenting an essential approach for landscape analysis, interpretation and sustainable dynamics.Early chapters explore the concepts and values of biocultural landscapes, before addressing the methodology to identify the relationship between biological and cultural diversity. The volume continuous with a series of case studies and with an exploration of the key role of biocultural diversity in contemporary landscape ecology.Readers will learn the importance of landscapes for different fields of natural and human sciences and are confronted to the trans-disciplinary nature of the landscape concept itself. A hierarchical approach to landscapes, in which they are composed of interacting (eco)systems, is shown to be essential in recognizing their emergent properties.In this work, the biocultural values of landscapes are explored through their diversity in geographical scopes, methodological approaches and conceptual assumptions. Authors from Asia, Europe and North-America present diverse research experiences and views on biocultural landscapes, their pattern, conservation and management.Landscape ecologists will find this work particularly appealing, as well as anyone with an interest in sustainable landscape development, nature conservation or cultural heritage management.This volume is the outcome of a symposium on "Biodiversity in Cultural Landscapes", organized in the framework of the 8th IALE World Congress, held in Beijing in 2011.