Suchergebnisse

Ce chapitre examine les déterminants de la participation et leur évolution entre 1971 et 2007. L'élaboration d'une typologie des citoyens permet d'affiner la compréhension des formes que peuvent prendre l'abstention. De manière subsidiaire, l'évaluation d'un éventuel profit pour les partis de gauche d'une mobilisation des abstentionnistes est menée pour les quatre dernières élections fédérales. Les résultats confirment l'influence des déterminants classiques de la participation. Les citoyens les mieux intégrés socialement et ceux qui disposent de ressources individuelles tendent davantage à participer qu'à s'abstenir, à être des citoyens modèles plutôt que des abstentionnistes endurcis. De tous les déterminants de la participation,l'identification partisane est, aujourd'hui comme dans les années 1970, le plus discriminant. Cependant, on observe une évolution des effets de certains déterminants de la participation entre 1971 et 2007. Le gender gap diminue sans disparaître complètement. Le pouvoir explicatif de l'état civil s'est également affaibli. En revanche, l'âge exerce une influence croissante sur la participation,ce qui indique que le rapport à la politique des jeunes générations a évolué. Cet effet croissant de l'âge suggère l'existence d'un generation gap. La comparaison du choix partisan des votants à celui des abstentionnistes montre que les partis de gauche n'auraient pas systématiquement profité d'une mobilisation des abstentionnistes lors des quatre dernières élections fédérales. Les grands perdants auraient été les partis de la droite modérée. Par contre, l'UDC aurait significativement augmenté son score lors des trois dernières élections, si les abstentionnistes avaient voté.

The European Commission's Eurobarometer surveys, originally conceived as opinion barometers on European integration, are now large-scale surveys that regularly cover important public life issues in addition to a core of standard questions. For the Swiss social sciences, the Eurobarometer is intended to offer Switzerland the opportunity to receive regular information on population attitudes towards European integration. On the other hand, it should enable researchers in psychology, educational science, sociology, political science, business administration and economics to analyse the attitudes and behaviours of the Swiss population on a broad database and compare them internationally.1st subproject: Representative survey of the Swiss resident population (headed by Franz Haag). The survey contains the following topic groups: Attitude towards European integration, personal and general economic situation, party affinity, attachment to institutions (especially to neutrality, federalism and direct democracy), spatial and cultural identification, environment. After the 1992 EEA vote, various polls and analyses were conducted on the result of the vote, which examined, among other things, the motivations of supporters and opponents. Some authors conclude that the individual economic impact of the voters was decisive. In contrast, other researchers show that motivations of a socio-cultural nature and motives for identification have determined the voters' decision. The political science part of the 1999 Eurobarometer survey in Switzerland is intended to help answer the controversy over economic versus socio-cultural factors in relation to European integration. The Eurobaromter survey in Switzerland is to be conducted at least once a year until 2003.
2nd subproject: Development of a teaching tool on the web (director: Eugen Horber). In Switzerland, secondary analysis of data sets is not yet very common. The Eurobarometer is ideally suited for such secondary analyses and therefore this subproject aims to develop a teaching tool to discuss the answer to a research question using a secondary analysis of the Eurobarometer data sets. The work instructions and "exercises" are to be published on the web. The teaching material is primarily aimed at professors in method training. The professors select and communicate the subject matter and, as far as possible, adapt the teaching material to their specific interests and didactic goals.

The European Commission's Eurobarometer surveys provide important data for social sciences in the broadest sense. Originally conceived as an opinion barometer on European integration, Eurobarometers are now large-scale surveys that regularly cover important public life issues in addition to a core of standard issues. In this way, a set of comparable data is produced in Europe.

The International Social Survey Program (ISSP) consists of a basic module, which is selected from a group of about ten thematic areas. The environment, social networks, religion, social inequalities and the role of government are the main themes of the latest surveys. Until 1999, Swiss participation in the ISSP was ensured by various research teams; since 2000, SIDOS has been a member of the ISSP and thus responsible for conducting this study in Switzerland. Meanwhile more than 35 nations participate in the ISSP survey.

The Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) has commissioned SIDOS to conduct the Eurobarometer survey of the European Union Commission and the ISSP survey in Switzerland once a year as part of the "Switzerland towards the future" priority programme. The first "Eurobaometer in Switzerland" survey was launched in autumn 1999. From 2000, questions from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) were added to the Eurobarometer in Switzerland questionnaire.

Since the data are collected regularly, Switzerland can be analysed in a combined cross-cutting comparison. In this way, peculiarities as well as similarities of Switzerland would become systematically identifiable.

This year's representative survey of the Swiss resident population contains questions on the following topic groups: Family and partnership, relations with Switzerland and its institutions, national identity, immigration.

The research focuses on factors (internal and environmental) and processes that promote or support the aging person's independence, his/her physical and mental integrity, and his/her participation in society. It also analyzes the factors that hinder or undermine these aspects. This objective is pursued by means of a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the population aged 63 and over of two typical regions (Canton of Geneva and Central Valais) in 1979. The choice of the two survey regions was explains by the fact that they typologically constitute the two extremes of the range representing the diversity of the situations of the elderly in Switzerland. This cross-sectional survey is repeated in 1994 and completed by a longitudinal survey (1994-1999) on the cohort of 80-84 year-olds living at home at the time of the cross-sectional survey of 1994. This design makes a comparison possible of the evolution and changes of the aged condition over 15 years.
The research is part of the theoretical perspective of the life course. A "horizontal" (class) social stratification articulates a "vertical" stratification, a social organization of life time, defining stages and transitions. The hypothesis is that the position occupied in the life course is a better indicator than age both in terms of defining situations and standard problems as in relation to the practices of aging people. The idea is to construct and validate a life course position indicator (LPI) combining the individual position in three dimensions: the health journey, the family trajectory, the professional trajectory.
Through the results of the research, we want to contribute to a reflection on the ethical foundations of research in gerontology and a policy of old age, the definition of present and future needs of aging people, and to highlight possible linkages between the support provided by family or self-help networks, and various forms of institutional support.