OREA 1 presents the scientific results of the international symposium Western Anatolia before Troy - Proto-Urbanisation in the 4th Millennium BC? The sparse archaeological data published for the 5th and 4th millennia BC and the archaeological picture of western Anatolia, fundamentally changed in the last decades, needed to bring together specialists of western Turkey and the neighbouring regions to discuss new data in the light of socio-cultural processes in the period before Troy. Furthermore, following the results of the ERC research group (ERC project Prehistoric Anatolia), it appeared high time to focus on this period as it had been frequently neglected in the recent dynamic prehistoric research in western Turkey.
Messenia was one of the core areas of the Middle and Late Helladic culture in Greece. Based on a catalogue of 57 sites, which comprises about 240 tombs, their topographic situation, architectural design and the offerings found in them are analysed. This work provides a contribution to a better understanding of the social hierarchy and political changes in these phases of Greek prehistory. - Die Landschaft Messenien bildete eines der Kerngebiete der mittel- und späthelladischen Kultur Griechenlands. Ausgehend von einem Katalog von 57 Fundorten mit etwa 240 Grabanlagen werden die topographische Situation der Gräber, ihre architektonische Ausgestaltung und die Beigabeninventare analysiert. Dadurch bietet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der sozialen Hierarchie und der politischen Änderungen in dieser Phase der griechischen Geschichte.
WOS: 000378272400038 ; PubMed ID: 27274049 ; Farming and sedentism first appeared in southwestern Asia during the early Holocene and later spread to neighboring regions, including Europe, along multiple dispersal routes. Conspicuous uncertainties remain about the relative roles of migration, cultural diffusion, and admixture with local foragers in the early Neolithization of Europe. Here we present paleogenomic data for five Neolithic individuals from northern Greece and northwestern Turkey spanning the time and region of the earliest spread of farming into Europe. We use a novel approach to recalibrate raw reads and call genotypes from ancient DNA and observe striking genetic similarity both among Aegean early farmers and with those from across Europe. Our study demonstrates a direct genetic link between Mediterranean and Central European early farmers and those of Greece and Anatolia, extending the European Neolithic migratory chain all the way back to southwestern Asia. ; Marie Curie Initial Training Network (BEAN/Bridging the European and Anatolian Neolithic) [GA 289966]; DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [BU 1403/6-1, BO 4119/1]; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; European Union (EU) SYNTHESYS/Synthesis of Systematic Resources [GA 226506-CP-CSA-INFRA]; VolkswagenstiftungVolkswagen [FKZ: 87161]; Irish Research CouncilIrish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology [GOIPG/2013/1219]; EU CodeX Project [295729]; EU Social Fund; Greek national funds research funding program THALES; Greek national funds research funding program ARISTEIA II; Swiss NSFSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [31003A_156853, 31003A_149920]; BBSRCBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/L009382/1]; CoMPLEX via EPSRC [EP/F500351/1]; Sir Henry Dale Fellowship - Wellcome Trust [098386/Z/12/Z]; Sir Henry Dale Fellowship - Royal Society [098386/Z/12/Z]; National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre; Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust [100719/Z/12/Z]; University of Mainz; HPC cluster MOGON - DFG [INST 247/602-1 FUGG]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific ResearchNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [380-62-005]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/L009382/1]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [1357822] ; We thank Songul Alpaslan for help with sampling in Barcin and Eleni Stravopodi for help with sampling in Theopetra. Z.H. and R.M. are supported by a Marie Curie Initial Training Network (BEAN/Bridging the European and Anatolian Neolithic, GA 289966) awarded to M.C., S.J.S., D.G.B., M.G.T., and J. Burger. C.P., J. Burger and S.K. received funding from DFG (BU 1403/6-1). C.P. and J. Burger received funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. C.S. and M.S. were supported by the European Union (EU) SYNTHESYS/Synthesis of Systematic Resources GA 226506-CP-CSA-INFRA, DFG: (BO 4119/1) and Volkswagenstiftung (FKZ: 87161). L.M.C. is funded by the Irish Research Council (GOIPG/2013/1219). A.S. was supported by the EU CodeX Project 295729. K. Kotsakis, S.T., D.U.-K., P.H., and C.P. were cofinanced by the EU Social Fund and Greek national funds research funding program THALES. C.P., M.U., K. Kotsakis, S.T., and D.U.-K. were cofinanced by the EU Social Fund and the Greek national funds research funding program ARISTEIA II. M.C. was supported by Swiss NSF Grant 31003A_156853. A. K. and D.W. were supported by Swiss NSF Grant 31003A_149920. S.L. is supported by the BBSRC (Grant BB/L009382/1). L.v.D. is supported by CoMPLEX via EPSRC (Grant EP/F500351/1). G.H. is supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (Grant 098386/Z/12/Z) and by the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. M.G.T. and Y.D. are supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship Grant 100719/Z/12/Z (to M.G.T.). J. Burger is grateful for support by the University of Mainz and the HPC cluster MOGON (funded by DFG; INST 247/602-1 FUGG). F.G. was supported by Grant 380-62-005 of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.
