Suchergebnisse

Ulaskom Hrvatske u EU usljedile su velike promjene u zakonskoj regulativi proizvodnje, dorade i distribucije sjemena. Prije ulaska u EU na većini poljoprivrednih gospodarstava sijano je isključivo certificirano sjeme žitarica. Stupanjem na snagu Zakona o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o zaštiti biljnih sorti u Republici Hrvatskoj (NN 124/11) koji je usklađen s propisima EU na gospodarstvu se smije sijati tzv. "farmerovo sjeme". U nekim zemljama, članicama EU, takvo sjeme se sije isključivo po propisanim uvjetima. Kod nas ti uvjeti još nisu strogo propisani te se pojam "farmerovo" ili "farmersko sjeme" često među poljoprivrednim proizvođačima poistovjećuje s pojmom "tavanuša", čijom sjetvom se u tlo mogu unijeti uzročnici biljnih bolesti i korovi. Cilj provedenog istraživanja je odrediti kvalitetu certificiranog, farmerovog i farmerovog sjemena nepoznate sorte (tavanuša). Istraživanje je provedeno u ovlaštenom laboratoriju za kontrolu kvalitete poljoprivrednog sjemena Visokog gospodarskog učilišta u Križevcima na pet uzoraka certificiranog sjemena pšenice iz dvije ovlaštene dorade, pet uzoraka farmerovog sjemena i pet uzoraka farmerovog sjemena nepoznate sorte (tavanuša). Ispitivano je zdravstveno stanje sjemena, proveden je test ispiranja sjemena (kontrola na prisutnost hlamidospora uzročnika smrdljive snijeti Tilletia spp.), klijavost i čistoća sjemena. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je sjetva certificiranog sjemena jedini siguran put do visokog i kvalitetnog prinosa. Certificirano i kvalitetno dorađeno sjeme ima veću energiju i klijavost, uzročnici bolesti imaju nižu pojavnost te nema sjemena korova. ; Croatian accession to the EU brought about big changes in the legislation of seed production, processing and distribution. Before joining the EU, only certified grain seed was planted on most farms. When the Act on Amendments to the Act on Protection of Plant Varieties in the Republic of Croatia (OG 124/11) that complied with the EU legislature came into force, farms were allowed to plant the so-called "farmer's seed". In some EU Member States farmer's seed is planted only under prescribed conditions. Since those conditions are still not strictly regulated in Croatia, farmer's seed is in Croatia often identified as a seed of unknown variety and origin, which can bring plant pathogens causing diseases and weeds into soil when planted. The purpose of this research was to determine the quality of certified seed, farmer's seed, and farmer's seed of unknown variety. The research was conducted in the Laboratory for Agricultural Seed Quality Testing at the College of Agriculture in Križevci. Five samples of certified wheat seed from two authorized seed producers, five farmer's seed samples and five farmer's seed samples of unknown variety were used. Health, germination and purity of all of seed samples were tested, and seed rinsing (testing for the presence of chlamydospores of fungus Tilletia spp.) was performed. The results of this research showed that certified seed planting is the only safe way to ensure both high quality and yield. Certified and well processed seed not only has higher energy and seed germination power, and lower incidence of plant pathogens, but it does not contain weed seeds.