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Les politiques de réconciliation travail/famille en Hongrie : un familialisme traditionnel à la sauce européenne Cet article analyse l'influence de l'UE sur l'évolution des politiques de réconciliation entre travail et famille en Hongrie du début des années 1990 à 2011. Plus précisément, il s'intéresse à la façon dont les parlementaires Hongrois ont repris les exigences et /ou les normes européennes, ainsi qu'à la façon dont ils ont utilisé les références aux processus européens dans leurs argumentaires. Cet article distingue trois périodes d'européanisation. Au cours de la première période, les références à l'Union européenne n'étaient que sporadiques. La deuxième période, jusqu'à 2004, est celle de l'harmonisation législative. Enfin, après l'élargissement de 2004, les principes et les processus européens deviennent des points de référence centraux dans les débats parlementaires : le jargon européen (y compris la réconciliation du travail et de la vie familiale) pénètre le vocabulaire des parlementaires qui s'en servent comme d'une ressource importante. Les financements européennes ont également constitué un déclencheur de réforme non négligeable. Cependant, tout au long de cette période, le principe de réconciliation a été utilisé de façon très différente en fonction des partis alors au pouvoir, soulignant ainsi le rôle des usages stratégiques des normes européennes réalisés par les partis politiques.

The article analyses the Europeanisation of policies concerning the reconciliation of work and family life in Hungary from the 1990s to 2006 from a domestic actor-centred perspective. More specifically, it looks at how members of the Hungarian Parliament – from government and opposition parties – framed European requirements and/or standards and how they used references to European processes in their arguments. The article distinguishes three periods of Europeanisation. In the first period, references made to the European Union were sporadic. The second period, before 2004, was the period of legal harmonisation. Finally, in the third period, after the 2004 accession, the reconciliation of work and family life became an explicit goal of the government, usually with references made to European processes and European principles. Furthermore, the availability of European funding was an important trigger of reconciliation-related reforms. This analysis underlines the significance of using Europe for legitimating domestic policy changes going against the traditional family policy framework.

Intro -- FEDERAL CONSERVATION EFFORTS, PROGRAMS AND FUNDS -- FEDERAL CONSERVATION EFFORTS, PROGRAMS AND FUNDS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION: A GUIDE TO PROGRAMS -- Summary -- Introduction -- Overview -- Conservation Programs -- USDA Agricultural Conservation Programs -- Agricultural Management Assistance (AMA) Program -- Chesapeake Bay Watershed Program -- Cooperative Conservation Partnership Initiative (CCPI) -- Conservation Operations (CO)-Conservation Technical Assistance (CTA) -- Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) -- CRP-Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) -- CRP-Farmable Wetlands Program -- Conservation Security Program -- Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) -- Emergency Conservation Program (ECP) -- Emergency Watershed Program (EWP) -- Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) -- EQIP-Agricultural Water Enhancement Program (AWEP) -- EQIP - Conservation Innovation Grants (CIG) -- Farmland Protection Program (FPP)4 -- Grassland Reserve Program (GRP) -- Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP) -- Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) Program -- Voluntary Public Access and Habitat Incentive Program -- Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations -- Watershed Rehabilitation Program -- Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) -- Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP) -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION -- Summary -- Defining Technical Assistance -- Technical Assistance Funding and Implementation -- Technical Assistance for Discretionary Programs -- Technical Assistance for Mandatory Programs -- Funding History for Mandatory Programs -- Determining Funding for Mandatory Program Technical Assistance -- NRCS & FSA-History of Payments -- Non-Federal Technical Assistance -- Role of Third Party Providers -- TSP Activities -- Rates and Funding

The paper analyses the 'Europeanization' of policies concerning the reconciliation of work and family life in Hungary between 1998 and 2005. It looks at how politicians – in government or in the opposition – framed European requirements and/or standards and how they used references to European processes in their arguments. The paper distinguished three periods of Europeanization. In the first period – in which the first comprehensive Family Support Act was adopted – basically no reference was made to the European Union. Accordingly, this Act – its goal being to protect the institution of the family to ensure demographic growth – did not prioritize reconciliation and women' employment at all and was criticized of not being in line with European principles. The second period before 2004 was the period of legal harmonization. Therefore, reconciliation-related acts (e.g. on telework) were mainly adopted as an answer to European expectations. Finally, in the third period after the 2004 accession, the reconciliation of work and family life became an explicit goal of the government, usually with references made to European processes and European principles. In this period, MPs started using the jargon of the EU. Furthermore, the availability of European funding was an important trigger of reconciliation-related reforms.