Suchergebnisse

This submission deals with an alternative to the German Inheritance Tax Reform Act 2009 in form of an inheritance tax with a broad tax base and low tax rates. In contrast to the new German Estate Tax Act we analyse an inheritance tax reform proposal that provides no tax relief for particular asset categories but contains low proportional tax rates. Our empirical analysis shows that abolishing of tax exemptions and market valuation of assets lead to a remarkable broadening of the inheritance tax base and enables substantial tax rate cuts. © 2010, Verein für Socialpolitik und Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Der Beitrag weist nach, dass ein Verzicht auf die optimale Ausübung des Antragswahlrechts nach § 34a EStG zu merklichen Vermögenseinbußen führen kann. Zudem wird im Standardmodell mit exogenen, zeitkonstanten Steuersätzen und bei Identität von Soll- und Habenzinsen gezeigt, dass Gewinne auch bei optimaler Antragspolitik aufgrund der Abgeltungsteuer ausgeschüttet werden sollten und Fremdkapital die günstigste Finanzierungsform darstellt. Sind die Steuersätze in späteren Perioden dagegen niedriger als der Steuersatz in der Primärgewinnperiode, kann die Nutzung von § 34a EStG für diesen Gewinn vorteilhaft sein. Bei einem über dem Habenzins liegenden Sollzins kann die Fremdfinanzierung nachteilig werden. Im Fall der Existenz einbehaltener und nach § 34a EStG besteuerter Gewinne erweist sich die Auskehr von Eigenkapital nur beim Spitzensteuersatz von 45% in jedem Fall als optimal. ; This paper provides evidence for the rationallity to optimize the option offered by § 34a EStG in case of retained profits. Nevertheless, despite § 34a EStG distribution of profits is favourable, if tax rates are exogenous and over time constant and if there is no difference between the interest on debt and equity. In this setting debt is the optimal source of funds. Both effects are the result of the 25% withholding tax on private capital investments. In case of lower tax rates in later periodes firms can benefit from claiming against § 34a EStG for the (retained) profit of the current period. In case of relatively higher interest rates for debt equity can become the favourable form of financing. If § 34a EStG-taxed profits are in fund the transfer of equity is only unambiguous recommendable for entrepreneurs with the maximum marginal tax rate of 45%.

A simplification of the German tax law is the major intend when proposing a graduated tax rate to replace the current German formula based tax scale. A plain tax rate structure requires catchy tax brackets (e.g. in 5.000 € or 10.000 € steps) and tax rates (e.g. tax rate differences of 5% or 10%). Our empirical analysis shows that such a graduated tax rate causes significant distributional effects and, depending on the particular form, affects different groups of tax payers in different ways. This holds in particular for the two graduated tax rate proposals from the German Liberal Party which additionally provoke substantial revenue losses. A graduated tax rate with little revenue and distributional effects compared to the current formula based tax scale lacks a plain structure and hence conflicts with the objective of tax simplification. © 2011 Verein für Socialpolitik.