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Studies of international mediation traditionally have focused on the impact and effectiveness of mediation. This study examines mediator behavior and evaluates the factors that influence mediators' behavior and choice of strategies. Three contextual dimensions that exert influence on mediator behavior are preexisting factors (the conflict context and identity of the parties), concurrent factors (the identity of the mediator and actual mediation event), and background factors (the effect of information from previous mediation efforts). An original data set of 295 international conflicts from 1945 to 1995 is used to test a contingency model of mediation behavior. The results of a multivariate analysis suggest that the conditions of the mediation environment and the identity of the parties in conflict are the most significant influences on mediator's choice of strategy.

This article analyzes two of the determinants of the effectiveness of the mediation process, namely the impact of different mediators and mediation behavior on mediation outcomes in international relations. We review the literature and consider this relationship in terms of specific hypotheses concerning (1) the identity of a mediator, (2) previous interactions with the parties, (3) previous mediation attempts, and (4) the nature of mediation strategy. An original data set of 97 international disputes and 364 mediation attempts in the post‐1945 period is utilized to test our hypotheses. Multivariate analysis suggests the significance of high mediator rank, directive strategy, and close political alignment in achieving successful outcomes. We use these results to posit and test a series of causal models of mediation.

Analyzes the impact of different mediators & mediation behavior on mediation outcomes in international relations, utilizing newspaper & archival data on 97 international disputes & 364 mediation attempts in the post-1945 period. Multivariate analysis suggests the significance of high mediator rank, directive strategy, & close political alignment in achieving successful outcomes. Results are used to posit & test a series of causal models of mediation. 3 Tables, 3 Figures, 80 References. Adapted from the source document.