Suchergebnisse

Culture and power are among the most passionately argued concepts and ideas amongst social scientists. The relation between culture and power manifests itself in the concept of symbolic power. The essays in this multifaceted book examine the past and present forms of symbolic power in different geographical and temporal contexts. The book is organized into four major parts. The first part, Symbolic (Mis)representations of Reality, focuses on the concept of symbolic power, classification as a strategy of symbolic manipulation, the authority of first person narration, advanced marginality, and the emergence of the "precariat" in metropolises. The second part, Transforming State, Education and Childhood, deals with the profound changes in the European welfare state and its relation to childhood, and educational systems. The third part, Cultures and Agency in Changing Contexts, sheds light on the position of young female immigrants in Israeli religious schools, the prevailing Chinese culture that prefers sons to daughters, the Finnish fashion industry in a global squeeze, and Australian sense of dwelling place and habitus. The final part, Emerging Identities of Intellectuals in Globalizing World, examines the nature and characteristics of intellectuals in India, the meeting of the Occident and the Orient in Tangier at the beginning of the 20th century, and the potential significance of the highly educated diaspora for socio-economic development. The writers are internationally renowned authors from three continents. Editors Ari Antikainen and Jarmo Houtsonen work at the Department of Sociology at the University of Joensuu in Finland. This book is dedicated to professor M'hammed Sabour.

Authorities' online surveillance powers touch the very core of democracy, human rights and privacy. Thus, the legislation and its implementation must be both sustainable and legitimate in the eyes of the citizenry. We argue that the general elements of legitimate and sustainable online surveillance system can be derived from many international sources, but the crux of the matter is to adjust the general principles into country-specific conditions through well-informed, reasoned and inclusive national legislation preparation and regular follow-up discussions.
We explored how 25 key stakeholders from various fields consider 45 statements on online surveillance at the time of preparation of the intelligence legislation in Finland in 2018. Q-factor analysis arranged the stakeholders in three factors indicating distinctive frames that we named Balancing privacy and security, Protecting human rights and Expanding surveillance powers. With regard to enhancing further public discussion towards the interests of stakeholders, we also detected ambiguous issues, deal-breakers and areas of consensus that can be used for finding common ground in future considerations. Our study contributes particularly to research on online surveillance policy. We also demonstrate, along with some earlier findings, that Q-methodological research can provide powerful means to feed public policy discussion in the spirit of deliberative democracy.

Authorities' online surveillance powers touch the very core of democracy, human rights and privacy. Thus, the legislation and its implementation must be both sustainable and legitimate in the eyes of the citizenry. We argue that the general elements of legitimate and sustainable online surveillance system can be derived from many international sources, but the crux of the matter is to adjust the general principles into country-specific conditions through well-informed, reasoned and inclusive national legislation preparation and regular follow-up discussions.We explored how 25 key stakeholders from various fields consider 45 statements on online surveillance at the time of preparation of the intelligence legislation in Finland in 2018. Q-factor analysis arranged the stakeholders in three factors indicating distinctive frames that we named Balancing privacy and security, Protecting human rights and Expanding surveillance powers. With regard to enhancing further public discussion towards the interests of stakeholders, we also detected ambiguous issues, deal-breakers and areas of consensus that can be used for finding common ground in future considerations. Our study contributes particularly to research on online surveillance policy. We also demonstrate, along with some earlier findings, that Q-methodological research can provide powerful means to feed public policy discussion in the spirit of deliberative democracy

Abstract
This article examines police–social work partnerships in addressing domestic violence through the embedded social worker type of arrangement in France and Finland. Using comparative analysis, we explore how organizational and institutional factors promote effective collaboration, focussing on trust-building and information exchange. Our findings from qualitative interviews and document analysis indicate that successful collaboration hinges on formal organizational structures that support operations while ensuring professional autonomy. Such conditions foster mutual trust, crucial for sharing sensitive information without breaching confidentiality or ethical norms. We find that excessive oversight leads to mistrust and information withholding. Additionally, our analysis reveals that the effectiveness of these collaborations varies by national context due to differing public pressures and policy priorities. In France, increased attention to domestic violence has paradoxically weakened partnerships by curtailing social workers' autonomy. In Finland, with less emphasis on domestic violence, these issues have become a lower priority, altering the focus of collaboration.

The focus in this Finland-based study is on violence in close relationships-a term that partly overlaps with the more commonly used 'domestic violence', 'family violence' and 'intimate partner violence'. We demonstrate how police officers' conceptualisations of such violence differ from how it is defined in relevant legal documents. The data consists of the Government Bill and legal text on the subject issued as part of a legal reform enacted in 2010, and of a qualitative sample of freelist responses from 79 police officers. We examined both sets of data using theory-driven directed content analysis and deriving from prevailing theoretical frameworks reflecting the family- and gender-based perspectives on violence. The results expose the predominance of a narrow definition of 'family' in police understandings of close relationships, but also a notably broad spectrum of conceptualisations of both physical and non-physical forms of violence. In contrast, the legal definition of a close relationship is broader and encompasses multiple types of relationships, whereas forms of violence are more strictly defined. These findings could explain some of the discrepancies between legal policies on violence in close relationships and police responses to it. ; Peer reviewed

The focus in this Finland-based study is on violence in close relationships—a term that partly overlaps with the more commonly used 'domestic violence', 'family violence' and 'intimate partner violence'. We demonstrate how police officers' conceptualisations of such violence differ from how it is defined in relevant legal documents. The data consists of the Government Bill and legal text on the subject issued as part of a legal reform enacted in 2010, and of a qualitative sample of freelist responses from 79 police officers. We examined both sets of data using theory-driven directed content analysis and deriving from prevailing theoretical frameworks reflecting the family- and gender-based perspectives on violence. The results expose the predominance of a narrow definition of 'family' in police understandings of close relationships, but also a notably broad spectrum of conceptualisations of both physical and non-physical forms of violence. In contrast, the legal definition of a close relationship is broader and encompasses multiple types of relationships, whereas forms of violence are more strictly defined. These findings could explain some of the discrepancies between legal policies on violence in close relationships and police responses to it. ; peerReviewed

Intro -- Preliminary Remark -- Acknowledegement -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Domestic Violence and COVID-19 Lockdowns: A Shadow Pandemic? -- 1 Comparative Trends of Domestic Violence in the Partner Countries -- 2 Factors Assumed to Affect Domestic Violence Occurrence During COVID-19-Related Lockdowns -- 2.1 Individual Level -- 2.2 Organisational Level -- 2.3 Societal Level -- Austria -- 1 COVID-19 Measures -- 2 Official Statistics -- 2.1 Police Sector -- 2.2 Social Sector -- 2.3 Medical Sector -- 3 Survey Data -- 4 Media Reporting -- 5 Policy Development -- 6 Expert Opinions -- Finland -- 1 COVID-19 Measures -- 2 Official Statistics -- 2.1 Police Sector -- 2.2 Social Sector -- 2.3 Medical Sector -- 3 Media Reporting -- 4 Expert Opinions -- France -- 1 COVID-19 Measures -- 2 Official Statistics -- 2.1 Police Sector -- 2.2 Medical Sector -- 2.3 Social Sector -- 3 Media Reporting -- 4 Expert Opinions -- Germany -- 1 COVID-19 Measures -- 2 Official Statistics -- 2.1 Police Sector -- 2.2 Social Sector -- 2.3 Medical Sector -- 3 Survey Data -- 4 Media Reporting -- 5 Policy Development -- 6 Expert Opinions -- Hungary -- 1 COVID-19 Measures -- 2 Official Statistics -- 2.1 Police -- 2.2 Social Sector -- 2.3 Medical Sector -- 3 Media Reporting -- 4 Policy Development -- 5 Expert Opinions -- Portugal -- 1 COVID-19 Measures -- 2 Official Statistics -- 2.1 Police Sector -- 2.2 Social Sector -- 3 Media Reporting -- 4 Policy Development -- 5 Expert Opinions -- Scotland -- 1 COVID-19 Measures -- 2 Official Statistics -- 2.1 Police -- 2.2 The Disclosure Scheme for Domestic Abuse (DSDAS) -- 2.3 Multi-Agency Tasking and Coordination (MATAC) -- 2.4 Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences (MARACs) -- 2.5 Support Organisations and NGOs -- 2.6 Health Services -- 3 Survey Data -- 4 Media Reporting -- 5 Policy Development.

This brief maps the available data augmented by expert interviews on the impact of the Covid-19 measures on DV in eight European Member States during the first lock-down. The volume addresses an on-going situation, additionally complicated by renewed lockdown restrictions during autumn and early winter 2020. It assesses the assumptions of an imminent wave of domestic violence against reliable data from crime statistics, surveys, and various institutions responding to domestic violence. Collecting partner country reports from Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Scotland and Slovenia, it demonstrates the effects that lockdown measures starting March 2020 had on reported DV incidents. It considers the differences between each country with respect to policing, legal systems, social and cultural factors and highlights best practices to prevent conditions resulting from Covid-19 lockdown undermining victims security and frontline responders capacities to provide services and prevent domestic violence.

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Comparative trends of domestic violence -- Chapter 3. Human factors of domestic violence affected by Covid-19 -- Chapter 4. Country reports: development and response to DV in eight member states -- Chapter 5. Key findings, best practices, and recommendations.

SummaryThis study describes Finnish university students' knowledge and attitudes towards HIV and AIDS, homosexuality and sexual risk behaviour. Finnish-speaking students were randomly selected from all registered students at two universities in Finland (N=9715, n=950). The data were collected by using a modified version of the State University of New York at Buffalo School of Nursing AIDS Study Questionnaire on sexual risk behaviour developed by Held and Chng. The total response rate was 35% (n=333). The data were analysed using quantitative statistical methods. Normally distributed data were analysed by t-test and one-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni corrections. Non-normally distributed data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by a post-hoc test. The majority of students were familiar with HIV and AIDS, including its mode of transmission. However, there were still some misconceptions concerning HIV and AIDS. The oldest students and women had a more positive attitude towards people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA). Of patients with HIV or AIDS, intravenous drug users were perceived most negatively. Male students had more homophobic attitudes. Students who reported that religion had an important role in their lives had significantly stricter attitudes towards sexual risk behaviour. Students' knowledge correlated positively with general attitudes towards HIV and AIDS. Knowledge about HIV and AIDS will lead to more positive attitudes towards HIV and AIDS as a disease, towards those infected as well as homosexual people. There is a need to focus on preventive health care and sexual health promotion by educating young people and changing their attitudes towards sexual risk behaviour.

AbstractDespite its popularity as a policing method and evidence of its positive affect on communities, community policing has defied attempts to establish a clear definition and replicable form. Often regarded as an Anglo-American policing method in origin, community policing is now found across the world and is growing in influence. The need for differentiated local implementation raises important questions regarding the core features of community policing to guide the work of practitioners. Integrating insights from the existing literature and a trans-European project involving 323 interviews with community members and police officers across eight countries, we propose a dynamic model for community policing. In this original model, we differentiate between the conditions, actions and purposes of community policing (CAP) and describe how these core components are required for effective community policing, interrelated, and flexible enough for local implementation. Accordingly, we show how the CAP model is adaptable while at the same time retaining a sense of what makes 'community policing' a unique and identifiable policing method. We conclude our study with a discussion of the implications for research and practice internationally.