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In: Economic affairs: journal of the Institute of Economic Affairs, Band 20, Heft 2, S. 4-10
ISSN: 1468-0270
This article outlines the economic consequences of the CAP, including the high level of protection, the burdens on consumers, taxpayers and the EU budget, environmental damage, the harm to international trading relations, and the failure to raise farmers' incomes. The numerous unsuccessful attempts at reform from 1968 to 1999 are described. Finally, some of the lessons of the reform attempts are drawn, including the apparent political impossibility of reducing farm support and bureaucratic intervention once it is in place.
In: The Eurosceptical Reader, S. 205-218
In: Economic Affairs, Band 3, Heft 1, S. 46-49
ISSN: 1468-0270
The abuses of the Common Agricultural Policy are familiar. Richard Howarth argues that they cannot be patched up but can be removed by abolition of the system that supports inefficient French and German small farmers.
In: Contemporary economic policy: a journal of Western Economic Association International, Band 15, Heft 4, S. 1-9
ISSN: 1465-7287
Recent contributions by Brookes (1990), Saunders (1992), and Inhaber and Saunders (1994) argue that cost‐effective improvements in energy efficiency may, in the long run, lead energy use to grow more rapidly than it would in a world of fixed technologies. Since efficiency improvements may be viewed as a form of technological change that both reduces the effective cost of energy services and stimulates economic activity, energy demand may, under some circumstances, rise even as energy productivity improves. This paper examines this hypothesis using a simple model that distinguishes the roles of energy and energy services in production activities. In this model, improved energy efficiency can‐not give rise to increased energy use unless: (i) energy costs dominate the total cost of energy services and (ii) expenditures on energy services constitute a large share of economic activity. Since neither of these assumptions is empirically plausible, the paper concludes that energy efficiency improvements will yield long‐run reductions in energy use under the assumptions of the model.
In: Contemporary economic policy: a journal of Western Economic Association International, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 100-111
ISSN: 1465-7287
This paper examines the interplay between discounting and the distribution of welfare between generations in formulating climate change response strategies. The analysis shows that one can understand Nordhaus's (1994) standard representative agent model for climate policy analysis as a reduced form of an overlapping generations model that embodies more realistic demographic assumptions. In this setting, alternative Pareto efficient allocations may be supported as competitive equilibria given appropriate sets of income transfers between generations. Numerical simulations establish that increased intergenerational transfers entail reduced monetary discount rates and increased rates of greenhouse gas emissions abatement. Short‐run policy choices are highly sensitive to normative judgments concerning the relative weight attached to the welfare of future generations.
In: Economic affairs: journal of the Institute of Economic Affairs, Band 8, Heft 6, S. 9-14
ISSN: 1468-0270
What are the origins of agricultural protection? Dr Richard Howarth of the University College of North Wales reviews the history of agricultural protection in the Western world.
In: Advances in the Economics of Environmental Resources; Perspectives on Climate Change: Science, Economics, Politics, Ethics, S. 99-120
In: Contemporary Economic Policy, Band XV
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In: Political studies: the journal of the Political Studies Association of the United Kingdom, Band 17, Heft 4, S. 458-469
ISSN: 1467-9248
In: Practicing Sustainability, S. 167-172
In: Ecological economics and human well-being
We discuss the recent emergence of "deliberative ecological economics", a field that highlights the potential of deliberation for improving environmental governance. We locate the emergence of this literature in the long concern in ecological economics over the policy mplications of limited views of human action and its encounter with deliberative democracy scholarship and the model of communicative rationality as an alternative to utilitarianism. Considering criticisms over methods used and the focus of research in deliberative decision-making, we put orward a research agenda for deliberative ecological economics. Given the promising potential of deliberative processes for improving the effectiveness and legitimacy of environmental decision-making, work in this area could help advance both theory and practice in environmental governance.
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In: Advances in the economics of environmental resources 5
In: Advances in the economics of environmental resources Volume 3
This volume will include scenarios of geophysical and economic impacts from global warming beyond a doubling of greenhouse gases. Analyses will examine geophysical, ecological, and economic impacts, physical and institutional lags, alternative scenarios with and without policy intervention, institutional change, political-economic barriers to effective policy, and prescriptions for change. Perspectives will include those from physical and biological sciences, as well as economics