Suchergebnisse

China, a country with a long history of government-coerced labour among commoners, has seen a striking rise of volunteering in the past three decades. At the same time, civil society in China has been rigorously constrained by the authoritarian state. This makes dubious the usually supposed linkage between volunteering and civil society development. Analysing a nationwide dataset, this study examines Chinese citizens' volunteer participation from the civil and political engagement perspective. It finds that individuals' engagement with the state, neighbourhood, and civil society all helped predict their decision to volunteer, but only a few factors concerning engagement in the neighbourhood and civil society were positively associated with volunteer hours when they decided to volunteer. The article concludes with discussion on the rise of volunteerism in contemporary China and its implication for civil society development.

AbstractA variety of volunteer organizations have arisen in China in the past three decades, including those established by public institutions, neighborhood organizations, nonprofit organizations, and enterprises. However, how volunteer organizations actually operate has little been examined. Undertaking interviews and participant observations in seven eldercare volunteer organizations in Beijing, this study compares their operations from a cross‐sectoral comparison perspective. It finds that despite their organizational characteristics, volunteer organizations did vary their operations along the sectoral divide in terms of structure, culture, process, and environment. Meanwhile, the volunteer organizations across the sectors had some common characteristics, including prominent state intervention, respect for volunteers' basic rights, and pragmatic program management.

In recent years, foreign companies operating in Russia have faced with these or those risks and a lot of them have fallen into difficult situations, even have came close to bankruptcy. There are different kinds of risks for foreign companies operating in Russia: one kind in one company, other kind in another company. How many kinds and what kinds of risks are there for foreign companies, especially for Chinese enterprises operating in Russia, that yet is not so clear. In this paper we consider the classification of business risks for foreign companies operating in Russia, and put a case study on Chinese enterprises. In this article divided business risks for foreign companies operating in Russia by the level of occurrence, classified the risks in Chinese enterprises, which have their entrepreneurial activities in the Russian market and in detail considered all types of them. In considering each type of business risks in Chinese companies operating in Russia, closely combined and calculated Russian political, economic, cultural, social characteristics etc. In the end, the article also analyzed and summarized the causes of all types of risks in Chinese enterprises operating in Russia.

This paper evaluates the economic resilience of 52 economies based on 16 indicators in three dimensions (including the government, enterprises, and the public) and calculates their disaggregate output scores using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to measure and compare their economic resilience in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation results show that 23 of these economies had no room for further improvement in the overall economic resilience performance at that time. Germany's economic resilience performance, ranking 24th, is second only to these 23 economies, whereas Australia and Belgium are just behind Germany. These are the better performers among the 52 economies. Meanwhile, this paper also validates the notion that the construction of an economic resilience index is more suitable than the IMD World Competitiveness Index and the WEF Global Competitiveness Index in assessing the economic resilience of those economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is more suitable for the sample countries to refer to the efficiency of each indicator in this article to formulate policy directions and goals, in order to strengthen their economic resilience under the epidemic. However, under the limitations of the COVID-19 epidemic at the time of writing this paper, the economic resilience scores measured in this paper still belong to resistance measures rather than recovery measures.