Suchergebnisse

Diese Arbeit widmet sich hauptsächlich der Richtlinie 2019/790 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 17. April 2019 über das Urheberrecht und die verwandten Schutzrechte im digitalen Binnenmarkt und zur Änderung der Richtlinien 96/9/EG und 2001/29/EG. Schon der erste Entwurf dieser Norm, der von der Europäischen Kommission entwickelt wurde, sorgte weltweit für Diskussionen zwischen Urheber*innen und Rechteinhaber*innen auf der einen Seite und sogenannten "Content-Creators" also Ersteller*innen von nutzergenerierten Inhalten auf der anderen Seite. Seit diesem ersten Entwurf aus dem Jahr 2016 ist die Aufregung um diese Richtlinie keineswegs abgeflacht, im Gegenteil, die mittlerweile beschlossene Richtlinie stellt nach wie vor ein großes Diskussionsthema dar. Sehr umstritten ist vor allem Artikel 17, der medial im Zusammenhang mit sogenannten "Uploadfiltern" diskutiert wurde. Doch was sind diese "Uploadfilter", warum mobilisierte dieses Thema die Massen und wie kam es dazu, dass das Thema des geistigen Eigentums ein bislang weniger interessantes Gebiet für Nachrichtenagenturen unzählige Male in Schlagzeilen weltweit auftauchte? Genau diese Fragen sollen in der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit genauer beleuchtet werden. Auf den ersten Seiten werden zunächst die genauen Hintergründe für den Erlass der Richtlinie sowie die Rechtslage in der Europäischen Union vor 2019/790 beleuchtet. Nach der Besprechung des Ablaufs des Verfahrens wird auf den Inhalt der endgültigen Fassung, dabei vor allem auf die umstrittenen Artikel 15 und 17, eingegangen, ehe die Auswirkungen auf verschiedene Branchen in der Praxis erläutert werden. Der Frage, welche Ansätze die jeweiligen Gruppen vertreten, wie diese Ansichten entstanden sind und wieso sie befürwortet werden, wird am Ende der Arbeit nachgegangen. ; eingereicht von Daniel Huber ; Universität Linz, Diplomarbeit, 2020 ; (VLID)4791638

Vor allem in Zeiten von wirtschaftlichen Krisen empfindet die Bevölkerung eine hohe Vergütung von Top-Managern als unfair. Aufgrund von medialen und öffentlichen Diskussionen wurde die Regulierung von Managementgehältern durch die Politik forciert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Analyse der Entwicklung von Regulierungsmethoden in Österreich und Deutschland sowie den USA. In den ersten Kapiteln erfolgt eine genaue Analyse des Managements im deutschsprachigen Raum und in den USA. Hierbei werden vor allem die Unterschiede bei der Festlegung von Managementvergütungen untersucht. In den folgenden Kapiteln werden die unterschiedlichen Vergütungsformen unter dem Aspekt der Regulierung betrachtet. Bei dieser Betrachtung liegt der Fokus auf der Grundvergütung, den variablen Vergütungsbestandteilen, den kurz- und langfristigen Anreizkomponenten sowie auf den betrieblichen Zusatzleistungen. Im darauffolgenden Abschnitt wird die konkrete Zusammensetzung der Vorstandsvergütung in der Praxis, anhand eines Unternehmensbeispiels der Daimler AG, analysiert. Anschließend erfolgt eine Untersuchung der Anwendung von Regulierungsmechanismen. Dieses Kapitel dient zur Abgrenzung von gegenwärtigen Regulierungsmethoden. Die darauffolgenden Kapitel beschäftigen sich vor allem mit den gesetzlichen Grundlagen des deutschsprachigen Raumes und der USA. Anschließend erfolgt eine detailliertere Untersuchung von Managementgehältern. Hierbei wird besonders auf die Entwicklung der Vorstandsbezüge und auf Unternehmensanalysen eingegangen, wobei Österreich und Deutschland separat betrachtet werden. Außerdem werden außergewöhnliche Gehaltssituationen von Top-Managern und Sportlern genauer untersucht. In einem finalen Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit angeführt und Möglichkeiten der Regulierung von Managementgehältern aufgezeigt. ; Especially in times of economic crises, a high remuneration of top-managers is often considered as unfair by the general population. Due to public and multimedia-guided discussions, the regulation of management compensation through politics got forced. The aim of this thesis is an analysis of the development of regulation methods in Austria and Germany, as well as in the United States. The first few chapters provide an accurate analysis of management in the German-speaking territory and in the United States with a particular emphasis on the differences concerning determination of management remunerations. In the following chapters, the various forms of remunerations are examined with regard to regulation by focusing on basic remuneration, variable remuneration components, short- and long-term incentive components, as well as range of company benefits. In the following section, the concrete management board compensation in practice is analysed with the aid of a business example of Daimler plc. Subsequently, an examination of the application of regulatory mechanisms is carried out. This chapter serves as delimitation from current regulatory methods. The following chapters mainly deal with the legal foundations of the German-speaking territory and the United States. Afterwards, a detailed examination of management compensation is provided with particular regard to the development of managing board compensation and business analyses by considering Austria and Germany separately. Furthermore, exceptional compensation situations of top managers and athletes are further investigated. The final chapter outlines the findings of this thesis and points out the possibilities of regulation of management compensation. ; Daniel Huber, BSc. ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2017 ; (VLID)1761609

The dissertation argues for the following thesis: Velars to have a phonological representation where place specification may be accomodated, but this hosting site is left empty. In other words, I assume velars to be placeless in their phonological representation. This hosting site can have a number of formulations, depending on the particular phonological model. It can be conceived as a Place node, like in Feature Geometry, or an element tier as in Government Phonology, or a particular dependency relation as in Dependency Phonology. According to the thesis, velars share the presence of this hosting site in their representation with labial and coronal consonants (and with vowels, of course), while differing from labials and coronals in not having anything to occupy this hosting site. The thesis is supported by phenomena from a range of languages. The placelessness of velars goes against received assumptions where coronals are considered unmarked due to their absence of place specification. I will demonstrate that quite a number of the most frequently cited cases in support of the unmarked status of coronals do not seem to constitute firm evidence for coronal unmarkedness (and in fact for markedness in general). This suggests that if coronals are still to be considered unmarked, it will have to have a different reason.

The dissertation argues for the following thesis: Velars to have a phonological representation where place specification may be accomodated, but this hosting site is left empty. In other words, I assume velars to be placeless in their phonological representation. This hosting site can have a number of formulations, depending on the particular phonological model. It can be conceived as a Place node, like in Feature Geometry, or an element tier as in Government Phonology, or a particular dependency relation as in Dependency Phonology. According to the thesis, velars share the presence of this hosting site in their representation with labial and coronal consonants (and with vowels, of course), while differing from labials and coronals in not having anything to occupy this hosting site. The thesis is supported by phenomena from a range of languages. The placelessness of velars goes against received assumptions where coronals are considered unmarked due to their absence of place specification. I will demonstrate that quite a number of the most frequently cited cases in support of the unmarked status of coronals do not seem to constitute firm evidence for coronal unmarkedness (and in fact for markedness in general). This suggests that if coronals are still to be considered unmarked, it will have to have a different reason.

The dissertation argues for the following thesis: Velars to have a phonological representation where place specification may be accomodated, but this hosting site is left empty. In other words, I assume velars to be placeless in their phonological representation. This hosting site can have a number of formulations, depending on the particular phonological model. It can be conceived as a Place node, like in Feature Geometry, or an element tier as in Government Phonology, or a particular dependency relation as in Dependency Phonology. According to the thesis, velars share the presence of this hosting site in their representation with labial and coronal consonants (and with vowels, of course), while differing from labials and coronals in not having anything to occupy this hosting site. The thesis is supported by phenomena from a range of languages. The placelessness of velars goes against received assumptions where coronals are considered unmarked due to their absence of place specification. I will demonstrate that quite a number of the most frequently cited cases in support of the unmarked status of coronals do not seem to constitute firm evidence for coronal unmarkedness (and in fact for markedness in general). This suggests that if coronals are still to be considered unmarked, it will have to have a different reason.

The dissertation argues for the following thesis: Velars to have a phonological representation where place specification may be accomodated, but this hosting site is left empty. In other words, I assume velars to be placeless in their phonological representation. This hosting site can have a number of formulations, depending on the particular phonological model. It can be conceived as a Place node, like in Feature Geometry, or an element tier as in Government Phonology, or a particular dependency relation as in Dependency Phonology. According to the thesis, velars share the presence of this hosting site in their representation with labial and coronal consonants (and with vowels, of course), while differing from labials and coronals in not having anything to occupy this hosting site. The thesis is supported by phenomena from a range of languages. The placelessness of velars goes against received assumptions where coronals are considered unmarked due to their absence of place specification. I will demonstrate that quite a number of the most frequently cited cases in support of the unmarked status of coronals do not seem to constitute firm evidence for coronal unmarkedness (and in fact for markedness in general). This suggests that if coronals are still to be considered unmarked, it will have to have a different reason.

Paper accessible at http://seas3.elte.hu/delg/publications/even/2006/06hu.pdf ; International audience ; The paper reviews phonological processes in the history of Old English where velars played a role. (1) In connection with nasal loss before Prim. Gmc. */x/, two proposals are made. First, that the velar fricative, lacking a phonological place of articulation, is too weak to perform its governing duties on a preceding nasal. Second, that the later loss of nasals before the other fricatives in OE and Old Frisian is quite reasonably the consequence of the nasal deletion before /x/. (2) As for the phonetic interpretation of breaking, its phonetic realization may be a simple [ə] or [u], of a melodically empty vocalic slot. Also, the problem of the short vs long diphthongs of OE is discussed, with representations in terms of elements. (3) With respect to the loss of /x/ between sonorants, it is argued that to assume compensatory lengthening for words of the -{l,r}x- shape (e.g. mearh 'horse') is unwarranted because (a) there is no conclusive positive evidence that it actually lengthened; (b) the process is theoretically suspect. (4) The changes to the initial velar clusters are discussed.

Paper accessible at http://seas3.elte.hu/delg/publications/even/2006/06hu.pdf ; International audience ; The paper reviews phonological processes in the history of Old English where velars played a role. (1) In connection with nasal loss before Prim. Gmc. */x/, two proposals are made. First, that the velar fricative, lacking a phonological place of articulation, is too weak to perform its governing duties on a preceding nasal. Second, that the later loss of nasals before the other fricatives in OE and Old Frisian is quite reasonably the consequence of the nasal deletion before /x/. (2) As for the phonetic interpretation of breaking, its phonetic realization may be a simple [ə] or [u], of a melodically empty vocalic slot. Also, the problem of the short vs long diphthongs of OE is discussed, with representations in terms of elements. (3) With respect to the loss of /x/ between sonorants, it is argued that to assume compensatory lengthening for words of the -{l,r}x- shape (e.g. mearh 'horse') is unwarranted because (a) there is no conclusive positive evidence that it actually lengthened; (b) the process is theoretically suspect. (4) The changes to the initial velar clusters are discussed.

International audience ; The paper reviews phonological processes in the history of Old English where velars played a role. (1) In connection with nasal loss before Prim. Gmc. */x/, two proposals are made. First, that the velar fricative, lacking a phonological place of articulation, is too weak to perform its governing duties on a preceding nasal. Second, that the later loss of nasals before the other fricatives in OE and Old Frisian is quite reasonably the consequence of the nasal deletion before /x/. (2) As for the phonetic interpretation of breaking, its phonetic realization may be a simple [ə] or [u], of a melodically empty vocalic slot. Also, the problem of the short vs long diphthongs of OE is discussed, with representations in terms of elements. (3) With respect to the loss of /x/ between sonorants, it is argued that to assume compensatory lengthening for words of the -{l,r}x- shape (e.g. mearh 'horse') is unwarranted because (a) there is no conclusive positive evidence that it actually lengthened; (b) the process is theoretically suspect. (4) The changes to the initial velar clusters are discussed.

International audience ; The paper reviews phonological processes in the history of Old English where velars played a role. (1) In connection with nasal loss before Prim. Gmc. */x/, two proposals are made. First, that the velar fricative, lacking a phonological place of articulation, is too weak to perform its governing duties on a preceding nasal. Second, that the later loss of nasals before the other fricatives in OE and Old Frisian is quite reasonably the consequence of the nasal deletion before /x/. (2) As for the phonetic interpretation of breaking, its phonetic realization may be a simple [ə] or [u], of a melodically empty vocalic slot. Also, the problem of the short vs long diphthongs of OE is discussed, with representations in terms of elements. (3) With respect to the loss of /x/ between sonorants, it is argued that to assume compensatory lengthening for words of the -{l,r}x- shape (e.g. mearh 'horse') is unwarranted because (a) there is no conclusive positive evidence that it actually lengthened; (b) the process is theoretically suspect. (4) The changes to the initial velar clusters are discussed.

International audience ; In government and licensing theories velars are usually considered to be headless consonants, that is, headed by the "empty element". It is argued here that the velars-empty elements connection is a promising line of thinking, but certain adjustments are needed to correctly interpret that connection. The ultimate conclusion is that velars only refer to the place elements I and U for phonological operations, that is, these only can be evoked on occasion, while any other independent velar place element is superfluous.