THIS PAPER OFFERS THE IDEA OF "REGULATORY LANDSCAPES" AS AN APPROACH TO THINKING ABOUT PROCESSES OF GLOBALIZATION AND THE WAYS IN WHICH SUCH CROSS-BORDER PROCESSES MIGHT CHALLENGE SOVEREIGNTY AS THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY. AS ACTIVITIES SPREAD ACROSS BORDERS AND REGULATORS SEEK TO MAINTAIN SOME CONTROL OF THESE ACTIVITIES, OVERLAPPING AND COMPETING CLAIMS TO JURISDICTIONAL AUTHORITY ARE ALMOST INEVITABLE.
THIS ARTICLE DEVELOPS A THEORY OF REGULATORY LANDSCAPES, AS A CONCEPTUAL TOOL TO AID UNDERSTANDING OF PROCESSES OF GLOBALIZATION. REGULATORY LANDSCAPES VARY ALONG TWO DIMENSIONS, BOTH OF WHICH RELATE TO SCALE AND BOUNDARIES AND EXTEND FROM "BOUNDED" TO "TRANS-BOUNDARY": FIRST, THE DEGREE OF BOUNDEDNESS OF ECONOMIC ACCUMULATION; AND SECOND, THE DEGREE OF BOUNDEDNESS OF POLITICAL REGULATION. PROCESSES OF GEO-REGULATORY CHANGE IS THE TRANS-BOUNDARY EXTENSION OF ECONOMIC ACCUMULATION. THE SECOND MOVEMENT, WHICH IS THE FOCUS OF THIS ARTICLE, IS THE TRANS-BOUNDARY OR EXTRA-TERRITORIAL EXTENSION OF POLITICAL REGULATION. IT IS HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE ATTEMPTED TRANS-BOUNDARY EXTENSION OF POLITICAL REGULATION--TO AVOID REGULATORY UNDERPROVISION--LEADS TO BORDER SKIRMISHES, BATTLES OR NEGOTIATIONS ABOUT THE NATURE OF BOUNDARIES. THESE PROCESSES OF GEO-REGULATORY CHANGE ARE EXAMINED THROUGH THE LENS OF OFFSHORE FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE BAHAMAS AND CAYMAN. TWO GEO-LEGAL CASES OR BORDER SKIRMISHES ARE INVESTIGATED ETHNOGRAPHICALLY TO REVEAL THE CHANGING MEANINGS ATTACHED TO BORDERS DURING PROCESSES OF GEO-REGULATORY CHANGE. IN CONCLUSION, A GENERAL MODEL OF GEO-REGULATORY CHANGE IS PRESENTED IN WHICH BORDER SKIRMISHES, NEGOTIATIONS ABOUT THE ALLOCATION OF POWER AND AUTHORITY OR SHAPE OF THE REGULATORY LANDSCAPE, PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE.
AbstractThe paper situates Lebanon in the context of consociationalist theorizing about politics in deeply divided societies. It suggests that none of the four prevailing models of Middle Eastern political systems (liberalism, patrimonial, nationalist-authoritarian, and corporatist) explicitly addresses vertical solidarist formations. Consociationalism attempts to do so, but Lebanon's experience with it has yielded negative as well as positive results. The paper reviews the contradictions of Lebanon's recent history, examining first ``the golden age'' and then the era of the civil war and the ``militia republic'' (1975–1990). It then analyzes the ``Ta'if Accord'' which provided the basis for a post-civil war reconstruction, and while it notes some institutional improvements (hence the designation of the agreement as ``consociationalism-plus'') it expresses skepticism whether the provisions in Ta'if that call for the gradual elimination of political confessionalism will be implemented. The paper draws attention to the presence of external players on the Lebanese scene, especially Israel and Syria, and discusses the two post-civil war parliamentary elections in 1992 and 1996. It concludes that Lebanon's political recovery has been only partly successful.
The Meanings of Consumption -- An Aspiration for All the World: Championing Individual Freedom of Choice -- The System: Capitalist Consumerism -- Private Choices, Public Problems -- The Shopocalypse -- Consumption, Power, and Liberation -- Shopping Police.
Golf continues to represent the largest sports-related travel market valued at £30 billion with over 50 million golf tourists travelling the world to play on some of the estimated 40,000 courses. Golf Tourism is the leading text for both students and practitioners and the completely updated and revised new edition discusses the latest issues
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AbstractFair trade is at a critical juncture as a social movement. In the midst of a sales boom and vastly increased visibility, the tensions and contradictions that exist within the movement are intensifying. In particular, expansion of the fair-trade system to cover new commodities, and the process of 'mainstreaming' fair trade have opened rifts in the movement and called into question the meaning of 'fairness'. This essay reviews three recent books on fair trade, and examines current threats to the system, as well as fair trade's potential for supporting a broad process of social, economic, political, and ecological transformation.
A review essay on books by (1) Gavin Fridell, Fair-Trade Coffee: The Prospects and Pitfalls of Market Driven Social Justice (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007); (2) Daniel Jaffee, Brewing Justice: Fair-Trade Coffee, Sustainability, and Survival (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007) & (3) Laura Raynolds, Douglas Murray and John Wilkinson [Eds], Fair-Trade: The Challenges of Transforming Globalization (London: Routledge, 2007). Fair trade is at a critical juncture as a social movement. In the midst of a sales boom and vastly increased visibility, the tensions and contradictions that exist within the movement are intensifying. In particular, expansion of the fair-trade system to cover new commodities, and the process of 'mainstreaming' fair trade have opened rifts in the movement and called into question the meaning of 'fairness'. This essay reviews three recent books on fair trade, and examines current threats to the system, as well as fair trade's potential for supporting a broad process of social, economic, political, and ecological transformation.
"Remember This" / by Renée Watson, illustrated by Shadra Strickland -- "Handle Your Business" / by Derrick Barnes, illustrated by Gordon C. James -- "Not a China Doll" / by Grace Lin -- "The Bike" / by Wade Hudson, illustrated by E. B. Lewis -- "The Way of the Anigiduwagi" / by Traci Sorell, illustrated by MaryBeth Timothy -- Untitled / by Daniel Nayeri, illustrated by Zeke Peña -- "Why Are There Racist People?" / by Duncan Tonatiuh -- "Never Be Afraid to Soar" / by Valerie Wilson Wesley, illustrated by Don Tate -- "My Olmec" / by Selina Alko -- "F.R.I.E.N.D.S.: Looking Back, Looking Forward" / by Torrey Maldonado, illustrated by Natacha Bustos -- "TEN" / by Tracey Baptiste, illustrated by April Harrison -- "I'm a Dancer" / by Sharon Dennis Wyeth, illustrated by Raul Colón -- "Hablar" / by Meg Medina, illustrated by Rudy Gutierrez -- "Our Inheritance" / by Adam Gidwitz, illustrated by Peter H. Reynolds -- "Tough Tuesday" / by Nikki Grimes, illustrated by Erin K. Robinson -- "The Road Ahead" /by Minh Lê, illustrated by Cozbi A. Cabrera -- "Mazes" / by Christopher Myers.
