Suchergebnisse

The Caesalpinia group includes ~205 species and 24 genera with pantropical distribution, of which only three occur in northeastern Brazil: Cenostigma, Libidibia and Paubrasilia. These genera, placed in three different clades, are characterized by having a numerically stable karyotype 2n = 24 (16M + 8A) and are the only of the Caesalpinia group presenting large heterochromatic chromomycin A3 (CMA+) bands at proximal chromosome regions. In order to characterize the repetitive fraction of these Northeastern Caesalpinia genera, genomic DNA was extracted from C. microphyllum, L. ferrea and P. echinata and sequenced by Illumina technology (2 x 250 bp, paired-end read mode). Repetitive DNA was analyzed using the Galaxy/RepeatExplorer-Elixir platform, which groups sequences based on similarity, generating clusters for different repetitive DNA families. A genome coverage of 0.1× (1C = 616.14, 891.88 and 917.02 Mbp for P. echinata, C. microphyllum, and L. ferrea, respectively) was analyzed for each species, and only clusters with relative abundance of at least 0.01% of the genome were considered. The 298 clusters generated for P. echinata, the 260 clusters for C. microphyllum and the 272 clusters for L. ferrea constitute approximately 60%, 38% and 42% of each genome, respectively. The analyzes revealed only three high confidence satellite DNA families for C. microphyllum and two for L. ferrea, with low genome abundance each. All species presented a greater proportion of Ty3-Gypsy elements than Ty1-Copia, with the Chromovirus lineage being the most abundant. Phylogenetic analysis based on the Chromovirus reverse transcriptase domain suggests homology of the most abundant elements identified in each species. This suggests that these retroelements may be strong candidates to occur at pericentromeric CMA+ heterochromatic bands. Comparative chromosomal mapping of these repetitive elements is necessary to confirm the presence of Chromovirus at proximal regions and will help understanding how amplification/desamplification dynamics drives heterochromatic diversity in Caesalpinia.

Ferns are the closest sister group to all seed plants, yet little is known about their genomes other than that they are generally colossal. Here, we report on the genomes of Azolla filiculoides and Salvinia cucullata (Salviniales) and present evidence for episodic whole-genome duplication in ferns—one at the base of 'core leptosporangiates' and one specific to Azolla. One fernspecific gene that we identified, recently shown to confer high insect resistance, seems to have been derived from bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. Azolla coexists in a unique symbiosis with N2-fixing cyanobacteria, and we demonstrate a clear pattern of cospeciation between the two partners. Furthermore, the Azolla genome lacks genes that are common to arbuscular mycorrhizal and root nodule symbioses, and we identify several putative transporter genes specific to Azolla–cyanobacterial symbiosis. These genomic resources will help in exploring the biotechnological potential of Azolla and address fundamental questions in the evolution of plant life. ; Partly supported by the Shenzhen Municipal Government of China (no. JCYJ20150529150409546), the National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant DEB-1407158 (to K.M.P. and F.-W.L.) and the German Research Foundation Research Fellowship VR132/1-1 (to J.d.V.). ; http://www.nature.com/nplants ; am2018 ; Biochemistry ; Genetics ; Microbiology and Plant Pathology