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This dissertation aims to increase the knowledge about how societal contexts shape the social construction of crises in Chinese social media. It consists of four articles to advance current crisis communication research theoretically and empirically. Drawing on the social constructionist approach, Article 1 proposes a theoretical framework for investigating how societal contexts are embedded in crisis construction in China. Following the proposed theoretical framework, Articles 2, 3, and 4 present empirical analyses of the political and technological contexts in China that impact the construction and negotiation of meaning among social actors on the Chinese microblogging service Weibo, which consequently shapes crisis construction. The crisis construction is further excavated into various forms, including the constructions of crisis attribution, authority, and organizational misconduct, which are examined in the Articles 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This dissertation employs multiple qualitative methods for text analysis to examine posts and comments on Weibo regarding two organizational crises (i.e., the McDonalds' crisis in 2014 and the United Airlines crisis in 2017). More specifically, the qualitative methods include framing analysis (Article 2), genre analysis (Article 3), and qualitative content analysis (Article 4).This dissertation offers a novel depiction of crisis communication in China, which accentuates the influences of political and technological contexts. The findings from the four articles justify and validate the complex and mutually constitutive relationship between politics and technology that underpin the construction of crises in the Chinese context. More specifically, the dissertation observes three ways of contextual influence on the construction of organizational crises: (1) the ascribing of crisis attribution through construction and negotiation of meaning; (2) the generation of authority through social actors' actions and interactions; and (3) the debating of organizational misconduct through public interpretation and discussion. Moreover, a synthesis of the findings from the three empirical articles reveals that the politics, or the political dimensions, of crisis have become deeply ingrained —even unavoidable—in the Chinese context and are relevant not only to crises that derive from various political factors, but also for those that originate without political implications. This dissertation suggests the term "politicizing crisis communication" to describe the process through which social actors ascribe political meaning to and/or interpret organizational crises from political viewpoints. Three elements, namely crisis attribution, crisis management, and crisis implication, are discussed to conceptualize the idea of "politicizing crisis communication."This dissertation fleshes out and deepens our understanding of the relevance of political and technological contexts in the shaping of organizational crises by social actors via social media in China. More importantly, by integrating the social constructionist approach, this dissertation advances the context-oriented tradition by scrutinizing the large-scale dynamics of societal contexts in crisis communication.

This paper argues that despite the considerable resilience demonstrated by the Chinese authoritarian regime, its power experiences continuous atrophy. With the weakening of the totalitarian control imposed on Chinese society, the current stability maintenance system has been decreasing in its effectiveness. Meanwhile, contentious activities within the civil society gain momentum, and grow in both frequency and complexity. Movements such as human rights advocacy and political pluralism are traversing down a path towards a multilaterally coalesced resistance of authoritarian authority. The final part of this paper proposes and analyzes three possible trends of the development of social contentions in Chinese civil society. Adapted from the source document.

Chapter I: Videolised Society: Profound Insights into the Streaming Audio and Video Revolution -- Part I: Theoretical Explanation -- Chapter 2: Shaping Society—Videolised Society from a Sociological Perspective -- Chapter 3: Analysing Videolised Society from a Media-Centric Perspective—Everything Being a Medium -- Chapter 4: Motivating a Videolised Society—Technological Forces and their Implications -- Chapter 5: Creating a New "Blue Ocean" for the New Economy—Analysing Industrial Patterns in a Videolised Society -- Chapter 6: Creating a New Form of Social Discourse—Videolised Society from a Social Discourse Perspective -- Chapter 7: Videolised Society and New Cultural Ecology—A New Cultural Presence -- Chapter 8: Peering into Society and Life—Videolised Society and the Complex Viewing Psychology -- Chapter 9: No Distance Too Far—The Discourse Mechanism of China's Image Communication in a Videolised Society -- Chapter 10: Viewing Videolised Society from a New Perspective—an Interpretation from the Perspective of Social Criticism -- Part II: Videolised Society in Practice -- Chapter 11: Transforming the Role of Audiovisual Content Producers in a Videolised Society -- Chapter 12: Monetising Content and Building a Community in a Videolised Society - Research on Mainstream Short-form Video Platforms in China -- Chapter 13: Promoting Videos and the Economy—Business Models in a Videolised Society -- Chapter 14: Recording Life in a Videolised Society—Short-form Vlogs and News Videos -- Chapter 15: Entertainment and Art in a Videolised Society -- Chapter 16: Knowledge and Cognition in a Videolised Society -- Chapter 17: Status Quo and the Development of Short-Form, Medium-Form, and Long-Form Video Platforms -- Chapter 18: New Audiovisual Presentation of Mainstream Values—Media Convergence and Transformation Strategies of Mainstream Chinese Media -- Part III: Panoramic Focus -- Chapter 19: Research Overview of Videolised Society -- Chapter 20: Report on the Status Quo and Development of Short-form Video Research in China -- Chapter 21: Research on the Development of Audiovisual Content and Platforms in China's Short-form Video Industry.

This book breaks new ground in the study of language standards and standardization through its focus on Asia and in the attention paid to multilingual contexts. The chapters add to our understanding of the ways in which multilingualism is implicated in language standardization, as well as the impact of language standards on multilingualism.

Dance as a part of human culture gives rise to different forms of dance theatre in the cultural contexts of different countries. And the development of ballet as a dance genre is also inextricably linked to the society, culture and aesthetics of Western countries. During this process, Western ballet has undergone three localizations in China.

Choosing an effective subsidy mode is crucial for promoting the healthy development of the biofuel ethanol industry. After considering the differences in the social welfare effects of different subsidy models, we construct a Stackelberg game model to examine the chain of the fuel ethanol industry consisting of a downstream channel intermediary as the leader and an upstream production enterprise as the follower. We then discuss how the R&D subsidy mode and production subsidy mode affect social welfare, and what kind of subsidy mode should be adopted under different conditions. The study found that different subsidy modes affect corporate profits and consumer surplus by affecting the price and demand of fuel ethanol, which in turn affect the level of social welfare. In addition, the study found that both R&D subsidy mode and production subsidy model are not always efficient. The optimal subsidy mode depends mainly on the R&D difficulty coefficient and the slope of the inverse demand function.

Drawing on insights from both rhetorical arena theory and contingency theory of conflict management, this study examines the role of political factors in shaping stakeholder groups' perceptions and organizational responses and stances in a scansis of a multinational corporation. This study combined qualitative content analysis and semantic network analysis to analyze organizational responses, news coverage, and social media posts regarding the National Basketball Association (NBA)–China crisis in 2019, triggered by an online comment from a team executive supporting the Hong Kong protesters. The findings show (1) the presence of diverse and rich political-laden and politically divided discussions in news coverage and social media posts, (2) a subsequent change in the NBA's stance, from accommodative toward defensive, in response to those discussions, and (3) the great role of geopolitics/international politics and political values as political contingency factors in steering organizational, media, and digital public discourses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. ; peerReviewed

Rural Revitalization cannot be carried out simply through industrialization that has been done by the traditional development. It needs the simultaneous development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries because the traditional development mode of rural tourism, which allows farmers to move away from villages and occupy good natural resources, has not been accepted. In the process of rural revitalization development, the village collective should play a major role in formulating standardized processes and methods, focusing on optimizing resources, excavating the unique culture of the countryside, and encouraging the villagers to participate actively. As an important link between villagers, tourists and the natural environment, rural leisure can promote villagers' return, retain tourists, and finally promote rural revitalization with the concept of ecological civilization, so as to realize the sustainable development of rural areas.

China's unprecedented measures to mobilize its diverse surveillanceapparatus played a key part in the country's successful containment of the ongoingcoronavirus pandemic. Critics worldwide believe these invasive technologies, in thehands of an authoritarian regime, couldtrample the right to privacy and curbfundamental civil and human rights. However, there is little domestic public resis-tance in China about technology-related privacy risks during the pandemic. Drawingon academic research and a semantic network analysis of media frames, we explorethe contextual political and cultural belief systems that determine public supportfor authorities' ever-expanding access to personal data. We interrogate thelonger-term trajectoriesdincluding the guardian model of governance, sociotech-nical imagination of technology, and communitarian valuesdby which the under-standing of technology and privacy in times of crisis has been shaped. China'sactions shed light on the general acceptance of the handover of personal datafor anti-epidemic purposes in East Asian societies like South Korea and Singapore.

Although regional policy experimentation has become a global trend, the distinct features of experimentalist governance in a given country, such as China, remains to be investigated. This article extends policy process theory by proposing the framework of experimentalist governance with interactive central–local relations or Chinese‐style experimentalist governance, which combines three features. First, policy goals and instruments are formed separately and interactively by the central and local governments. Second, the central government is burdened with its own concerns about policy performance for maintaining authority and legitimacy. Third, the evaluation of policy pilots relies primarily on the responses of local governments. We further conceptualize three new patterns of experimentalist governance in China, namely, "comparative trial," "selective recognition," and "adaptive reconciliation," in addition to "hierarchical experimentation." These patterns are illustrated with case studies on four pension policies in China, which are for public sector employees, urban employees, rural residents, and migrant workers.

This article explores the complicated triangular architecture among innovation diffusion, fiscal recentralization, and authoritarian welfare regimes. We argue that local governments' adoption of innovative welfare policies attracts the attention of central authorities who tend to recognize spontaneous local innovation by releasing central administrative signals. During the era of fiscal recentralization starting from the Chinese Tax‐Sharing System Reform in 1994, cities with higher fiscal dependency are more likely to behave innovatively by adopting a new welfare policy for potential fiscal transfer rewards. The central government's recognition of this innovation stimulates cities' adoption but would reverse the effects of fiscal dependency because of the loss of the "innovativeness" of the adoption and its effectiveness in attracting the attention of superior authorities. We test our theories on the dynamic diffusion with the case of China's Urban Minimum Living Standard Assistance system, an urban poverty‐alleviation policy implemented fully in 1999.