Ireland's footprint: A time series for 1983–2001
In: Land use policy: the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Band 25, Heft 1, S. 53-58
ISSN: 0264-8377
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In: Land use policy: the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Band 25, Heft 1, S. 53-58
ISSN: 0264-8377
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 97, S. 10-16
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 80, S. 238-243
ISSN: 1090-2414
Climate change poses a significant threat to global biodiversity, but freshwater fishes have been largely ignored in climate change assessments. Here, we assess threats of future flow and water temperature extremes to ~11,500 riverine fish species. In a 3.2 °C warmer world (no further emission cuts after current governments' pledges for 2030), 36% of the species have over half of their present-day geographic range exposed to climatic extremes beyond current levels. Threats are largest in tropical and sub-arid regions and increases in maximum water temperature are more threatening than changes in flow extremes. In comparison, 9% of the species are projected to have more than half of their present-day geographic range threatened in a 2 °C warmer world, which further reduces to 4% of the species if warming is limited to 1.5 °C. Our results highlight the need to intensify (inter)national commitments to limit global warming if freshwater biodiversity is to be safeguarded.
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In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 72, Heft 8, S. 2037-2045
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 64, S. 129-140
ISSN: 1462-9011
Biodiversity and ecosystem service losses driven by land use change are expected to intensify as a growing and more affluent global population requires more agricultural and forestry products, and teleconnections in the global economy lead to increasing remote environmental responsibility. By combining global biophysical and economic models, we show that between the years 2000-2011 overall population and economic growth resulted in increasing total impacts on bird diversity and carbon sequestration globally, despite a reduction of land–use impacts per unit of GDP. The exceptions were North America and Western Europe, where there was a reduction of forestry and agriculture impacts on nature, accentuated by the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Biodiversity losses occurred predominantly in Central and Southern America, Africa and Asia with international trade an important and growing driver. In 2011, 33% of Central and Southern America and 26% of Africa's biodiversity impacts were driven by consumption in other world regions. Overall, cattle farming is the major driver of biodiversity loss, but oil seeds production showed the largest increases in biodiversity impacts. Forestry activities exerted the highest impact on carbon sequestration, and also showed the largest increase in the 2000-2011 period. Our results suggest that to address the biodiversity crisis, governments should take an equitable approach recognizing remote responsibility, and promote a shift of economic development towards activities with low biodiversity impacts.
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