How much does immigration boost innovation?
In: Discussion paper series 7116
In: Labour economics
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In: Discussion paper series 7116
In: Labour economics
In: Discussion paper series 2757
In this paper, I examine the role of household income in determining who bribes and how much they bribe in health care in Peru and Uganda. I find that rich patients are more likely than other patients to bribe in public health care: doubling household consumption increases the bribery probability by 0.2-0.4 percentage points in Peru, compared to a bribery rate of 0.8%; doubling household expenditure in Uganda increases the bribery probability by 1.2 percentage points compared to a bribery rate of 17%. The income elasticity of the bribe amount cannot be precisely estimated in Peru, but is about 0.37 in Uganda. Bribes in the Ugandan public sector appear to be fees-for-service extorted from the richer patients amongst those exempted by government policy from paying the official fees. Bribes in the private sector appear to be flat-rate fees paid by patients who do not pay official fees. I do not find evidence that the public health care sector in either Peru or Uganda is able to price-discriminate less effectively than public institutions with less competition from the private sector.
In: NBER working paper series 11595
In: NBER working paper series 11635
In: NBER working paper series 10510
In: NBER working paper series 10633
"I examine the determinants of inter-state migration of adults within western Germany, using the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1984-2000. I highlight the prevalence and distinctive characteristics of migrants who do not change employers. Same-employer migrants represent one fifth of all migrants higher education and pre-move wages than non-migrants. Conditional on age, same-employer migrants are therefore more skilled than non-migrants. By contrast, although other migrants have higher education than non-migrants, they do not have higher pre-move wages. Furthermore, they have in their ranks disproportionate numbers of the non-employed, unemployed and recently laid off. It therefore seems inappropriate to characterize them as more skilled than non-migrants. The results for same-employer migrants indicate that skilled workers have a low-cost migration avenue that has not been considered in the previous literature. I also analyze the relation between repeat and return migration and distinguish between short and long-distance migration. I confirm that long-distance migrants are more skilled than short-distance migrants, as predicted by theory, and I show that return migrants are a mix of successes and failures"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site
In: NBER working paper series 9632
In: Discussion paper series 123
In: NBER working paper series 7128
In: NBER Working Paper No. w23529
SSRN
Working paper
In: CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP12106
SSRN
Working paper
In: The journal of human resources, Volume 52, Issue 4, p. 1060-1118
ISSN: 1548-8004
In: Journal of labor economics: JOLE, Volume 33, Issue S1, p. S39-S77
ISSN: 1537-5307
In: NBER Working Paper No. w18696
SSRN
Working paper