The present research study analyzed the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act, 2013 and find out the role of elected leaders in community development. The quantitative research design is used and sample is selected through simple random sampling technique. The researchers interview 300 respondents from district Mardan. The statistical results show that elected leaders are performing their effective role in infrastructure development i.e. schools, basic health units, irrigation channels, roads and safety wall as well as in dispute resolution and generating revenue for the local government. The present research study recommended that government should release the annual development budget to elected leaders on time for addressing the local citizen needs. Similarly, the study suggested that local government system should prevent from political interference in the province.
This study tried to shed light on the circumstances which led to the rise of writing and the role of secretaries of State from the beginning of the Islamic State at the age of the Prophet (peace may be upon him), the Orthodox Age till the end of the Umayyad Age. This study aimed at revealing the importance of secretaries of state in developing the administration of the Arabic- Islamic State, spreading out its culture and generalizing its political address to reveal the job gradual advance of the secretary of state from an administrative employee to a person who spread out the culture of his age in a way that made him a thinker of the state and its spokesman.
Abstract Youth is the time period of vast exploration and curiosity. Young people begin to explore the world around. They acquire pleasure and satisfaction by carrying out risky behaviors to satisfy their impulse. Substance use is one such action that young people get attraction from certain individual, familial, social and environmental variables. Young people's past as well as present stressful experience and maladaptive coping style create strong affinity. Diverse researches have favored that pubertal transition, parenting style, family cohesiveness, maternal use, modeling, conditioning, and socialization reflect on youth's upbringing. It is evident that the substance use is one of the cognitive and behavioral outcome. There is a need to construct a most supportive zone around youth that enables them to broader their horizon of emotional intelligence. As a health care professional, knowledge about all the levels of prevention can aid communities to have an addiction free environment. Individual counselling, family therapy, national and international awareness programs would help in eradicating substance use. Collaborative work of Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's) would motivate youth to acquire a substance free lifestyle. Link: http://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/IJEHSR/article/view/116/347
Multiphase flow is a very common phenomenon in oil wells. Several correlation models, either analytical or experimental, have been investigated by various studies to investigate this phenomenon. However, no single correlation model was found to produce good results in all flow conditions. 14 models available on the Prosper software were selected for the purpose of calculating the pressure gradient inside wells within a range of different flow conditions. The pressure gradient was calculated using Prosper software, then compared with the measured gradient based on the production log test (PLT) data. This study was conducted on 31 wells from five different oil fields (Kirkuk, Jambur, Bai-Hassan, Al-Ahdab, and Rumaila). It is worth noting that these wells have not been studied previously. The results indicated that the best correlation models were the Original Duns and Rose (DRO), Petroleum Experts 2 (PE2), and Hagedorn and Brown (HB), which outperformed the models of Hydro-3p and Mukherjee and Brill. The calculations also showed that the overall performance of all correlations is generally better in two-phase flow wells. Despite this, Fancher and Brown (FB), Hydro-3p, HB, and Orkiszewski (OR) models demonstrated an improved performance in three-phase flow wells as compared to the other correlation models.
In this paper, the asymptotic behavior of all solutions of impulsive neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients and with impulsive integral term was investigated. Some sufficient conditions were obtained to ensure that all nonoscillatory solutions converge to zero. Illustrative examples were given for the main results.
Women's agency in Pakistan is oppressed both in private and public space. The study finds out the usage of cyberspace and cyber culture among university girl students in Mardan. The second objective is to investigate the association of cyberspace and women's agency in promoting women thoughts and challenging male authority. A quantitative cross sectional study design is used with simple random sampling techniques and data are collected through questionnaires from 200 currently enrolled university girl students. Binary logistic regression shows that the odd ratio is 2.271 times higher among frequent social media users to criticize government policies against women rights (P-value .001). Similarly the odd ratio is 3.873 times higher among women frequently using social media for social networking with people without physical involvement (P-value .000). It is concluded that cyberspace empowered women's agency in sharing their issues, thoughts and challenging male authority without occupying physical space.
Girls' education is important for women empowerment and socio-economic development, which is largely ignored in the study area due to socio-cultural factors. The objective of the study is to investigate various socio-cultural factors, which hinder girls' access to higher secondary education in Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Researchers used a quantitative research approach with cross-sectional research design, and data was randomly collected through self-administered questionnaire from 336 presently registered girl students in higher secondary education institutions in the projected area. In the manuscript descriptive univariate statistics with simple frequency and percentages were used while the Pearson Correlation test was applied to draw the strength of association between girls' accessibility to the education institutions and socio-cultural barriers in accessing education institutions. The Pearson Correlation result shows that sons' education is preferred over daughters' education in the study area. Results indicated that early girl marriage restricts girls' access to getting formal education. Civil society and government should raise awareness on girl education.
Piezoelectric ceramics have applications in various electronic devices such as sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, and so on. Most of these devices are manufactured from lead-containing materials because of their excellent electromechanical performance and low cost. However, lead-containing materials are considered as serious threat to the environment and facing restrictions from legislative agencies across the globe. Since last decade, much research efforts have been devoted to produce high-performance lead-free ceramics for industrial applications. Among lead-free candidate materials, bismuth-based perovskite ceramics such as sodium bismuth titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, BNT) are considered potential substitute for lead-based materials because of the Bi3+ and Pb+2 same 6s2 lone pair electronic configuration. This chapter describes the synthesis of BNT particles by different techniques; conventional mixed oxide (CMO) route along with topochemical microcrystal conversion (TMC) methods followed by fabrication of BaZrO3-modified BNT ceramics with a chemical composition of 0.994Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.006BaZrO3 (BNT–BZ) by a conventional solid-state reaction method, its texture development by reactive templated grain growth method using BNT templates, and comparison of the structural and electromechanical properties of the textured and non-textured counterparts.
In this paper, the oscillatory properties and asymptotic behaviour of a third-order three-dimensional neutral system are discussed. Some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure that all bounded positive solutions of the system are oscillatory or non-oscillatory. On the other hand, the non-oscillatory solutions either converge or diverge when goes to infinity. A special technique is adopted to include all possible cases. The obtained results include illustrative examples.
In this paper, the oscillation of a Hematopoiesis model in both cases delay and non-delay are discussed. The place and are continuous pstive -rdic functions. In the nn-dlay cse, we will exhibit that a nonlinear differential equation of hematopoiesis model has a global attractor for all different pstive solutions. Also, in the delay case, the sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all pstive solutions of it aboutare presented and we establish sufficient cnditions for the global attractive of. To illustrate the obtained results some examples are given.
The oscillation property of the second order half linear dynamic equation was studied, some sufficient conditions were obtained to ensure the oscillation of all solutions of the equation. The results are supported by illustrative examples.
This research deals with the frameworks of political analysis of the issue of the demonstrations in the news bulletins of the Iraqi satellite channels represented by Al-Iraqiya, Dijla and Al-Atija channels, which were selected according to an exploratory study conducted by him. Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The researcher concluded to a sample of the public that these channels are the most followed, and the orientations of these three channels differ, where Al-Iraqiya TV represents the official view of the state, while Dijla TV represents a partisan viewpoint opposing the government's policy. While the channel represents the Islamic line and then one of the channels of the Union of Islamic Radios and Channels in Iraq, the research problem was represented in the main question "What are the frameworks for political analysis of the issue of demonstrations in Iraq. Iraqi satellite news releases? This research is descriptive research, and the researcher used the survey method and the content analysis tool, where he analyzed the eight pm news bulletins for the chosen period and mentioned in the time domain of the research, so the analysis was done in a comprehensive inventory method: (an interview represented by (55) interviews on the trend channel, and (50) interviews on Al-Iraqiya channel, and (40) interviews. Interviews on Dijla channel, the researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which are: 1. The frameworks for the proposed solutions to the issue of the demonstrations came first within the frameworks mentioned in the political analysis, due to the interest of political analysts in resolving the issue before it is too late and the situation recedes. Al-Iraqiya channel topped this framework and tried to find solutions and avoid a collision between the government and the demonstrators and sought calm. 2. The warning framework came in second place among the frameworks, and the warning frameworks launched by political analysts varied, including warnings to the government in dealing with the ...
Nasiriyah oilfield is located in the southern part of Iraq. It represents one of the promising oilfields. Mishrif Formation is considered as the main oil-bearing carbonate reservoir in Nasiriyah oilfield, containing heavy oil (API 25o(. The study aimed to calculate and model the petrophysical properties and build a three dimensional geological model for Mishrif Formation, thus estimating the oil reserve accurately and detecting the optimum locations for hydrocarbon production.
Fourteen vertical oil wells were adopted for constructing the structural and petrophysical models. The available well logs data, including density, neutron, sonic, gamma ray, self-potential, caliper and resistivity logs were used to calculate the petrophysical properties. The interpretations and environmental corrections of these logs were performed by applying Techlog 2015 software. According to the petrophysical properties analysis, Mishrif Formation was divided into five units (Mishrif Top, MA, shale bed, MB1 and MB2). A three-dimensional geological model, which represents an entrance for the simulation process to predict reservoir behavior under different hydrocarbon recovery scenarios, was carried out by employing Petrel 2016 software. Models for reservoir characteristics (porosity, permeability, net to gross NTG and water saturation) were created using the algorithm of Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS), while the variogram analysis was utilized as an aid to distribute petrophysical properties among the wells.
The process showed that the main reservoir unit of Mishrif Formation is MB1 with a high average porosity of 20.88% and a low average water saturation of 16.9%. MB2 unit has good reservoir properties characterized by a high average water saturation of 96.25%, while MA was interpreted as a water-bearing unit. The impermeable shale bed unit is intercalated between MA and MB1 units with a thickness of 5-18 m, whereas Mishrif top was interpreted as a cap unit. The study outcomes demonstrated that the distribution accuracy of the petrophysical properties has a significant impact on the constructed geological model which provided a better understanding of the study area's geological construction. Thus, the estimated reserve h was calculated to be about 7945 MSTB. This can support future reservoir development plans and performance predictions.
The main objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of non-renewable energy and renewable energy utilization in Malaysia, including hydropower, solar photovoltaic, biomass and biogas technologies. Malaysia mainly depends on non-renewable energy (natural gas, coal and crude oil) for electricity generation. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the energy sector and discusses diversification of electricity generation as a strategy for providing sustainable energy in Malaysia. Energy policies and strategies to protect the non-renewable energy utilization also are highlighted, focusing in the different sources of energy available for high and sustained economic growth. Emphasis is also placed on a discussion of the role of renewable energy as an alternative source for the increase of electricity supply security. It is now evident that to achieve sustainable development through renewable energy, energy policies and strategies have to be well designed and supported by the government, industries (firms), and individual or community participation. The hope is to create a positive impact on sustainable development through renewable sources for current and future generations.
