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Women empowerment means the authority provided to women in order to challenge any situation. This study aims to identifying the determinants of women empowerment and decision making. The data was collected from Pakistan Social & Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM), the Federal Bureau of Statistics, and Government of Pakistan 2013-14 by using some proxies obtainable in the data set. Here the researchers used Logistic Regression model to examine the determinants of women empowerment. Secondary data was obtained from various books, articles, journals, officially published data, factual accounts, and research work of researchers. The actual sample contains data from PSLM (from the ninth round of surveys conducted till June 2015). The descriptive statistics show the determinants which affect women's decision making in the fields of employment and education. These factors are marital status, level of education, age factor, employment status, wealth quintiles, regions, and provinces. Keywords: Determinants, Women, Empowerment, PSLM

Infrastructure plays a pivotal role in economic development and for reduction of Households Poverty. The present study aims at investigating the effect of various kinds of infrastructure like Energy, Communication, Health, Irrigation, and Security on Households Poverty in one of the most under-developed districts of Pakistan namely Rajanpur. The survey was conducted for this purpose in the rural and urban areas and the researchers were successful to collect primary data from 300 households. The outcome of logistic regression suggests that Infrastructure in its various kinds i.e. Energy, Communication, Health, Irrigation, and Security are found as sources of lower Households Poverty. Moreover, Age, Education, Income, and value of assets tend to reduce Households poverty while Households poverty is increasing due to large family size and in urban areas of District Rajanpur. It is suggested that Government should give special attention to the provision of 5G internet technologies, access to clean drinking water, and disbursal of soft loans for the solar systems for the under-developed districts of Pakistan.

This study attempts to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment on the small and medium scale enterprises in Pakistan by using the annual time series data from period of 1982 to 2019. ADF unit root test, ARDL model and granger causality test are used to analyze the data. The outcomes of long-run ARDL model exhibits that foreign direct investment, gross savings, exports of goods and services positively enhance the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Pakistan. In Granger causality analysis, it is found that there is a unidirectional causality between SME growth rate and foreign direct investment. The unidirectional causality is also observed between gross savings and SME growth rate. It is therefore suggested that an appropriate environment to the foreign investors may be provided to bring foreign direct investment inflows in a country. Government of Pakistan may improve the infrastructure in a country to increase FDI inflows.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effects of knowledge management (KM) enablers on KM processes in research universities and testing the direct relation between KM processes and OP. This study also proposes to examine the mediating role of intellectual capital (IC) and innovation in the relationship between KM processes and performance of universities.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 217 academic and administrative personnel from research universities of Pakistan, the hypothesized relationships were tested through partial least squares structural equation modeling technique.FindingsThe results reveal that KM enablers have a significant impact on KM processes. The results also indicate that KM processes influence organizational performance (OP) directly and indirectly through innovation and IC.Practical implicationsFindings of this study reinforce the corporate experience of KM and suggest how administrators of research universities and higher educational institutions can promote innovation and IC, which in turn enhance OP.Originality/valueDespite the augmented importance of KM in higher education institutions or research universities, there is a dearth of studies that investigate the interplay of KM, innovation, IC and OP. This is one of the earliest studies that not only empirically investigate the interaction of KM enablers, KM processes and performance of research universities but also shed insights into the existing literature by simultaneously investigating mediating role of IC and innovation in the underlying relationship.