Suchergebnisse

The main aim of the study is to formulate a process to establish an integrated centre for higher maritime studies and research in Bangladesh. An assessment is made to verify the need for such specialised higher education and research at postgraduate and at doctoral level for the maritime and shipping personnel. It also highlights the need and appropriation for in-service continued education and research. The geographical location, historical background of the emergence of this new country in 1971 and the rehabilitation programme thereafter (in shipping sector) is described. Its diplomatic and political relation with other regional countries is discussed briefly. A brief look is taken to review the existing maritime education, the requirement of post-sea and shipping trade related higher education and research and unification of two seafaring streams, i.e. marine engineering and navigation. The roles and responsibilities of shipping managers, maritime administrators and maritime lecturers are examined. The local, regional and global impact of this university and scope to perform as a regional university is acknowledged. Most importantly the establishment process (physical and academic) is described and the government education policy and the legal procedure in establishing such institution is reviewed. Finally it has been concluded that there is a clear need for an integrated centre for maritime studies and research in Bangladesh and that may be fulfilled by establishing the proposed Bangabandhu Maritime University.

After the incident of 9/11, Afghanistan emerged as a terrorist state before the face of the world. To eradicate the militant factors the USA initiated a war against terror with the help of her allies on the soil of Afghanistan. This paper aims to analyze the efforts of Pakistan to bring harmony, peace and development to Afghanistan. The Afghan political scenario is a "multi-political scenario" in which different types of stakeholders show their political legitimacy over the masses. The capitalist class led by the USA and the socialist class by the Russians are the antagonistic factors in this regard. Another major group in this regard is the Islamic agenda group, having a culture of arms and is also a main participant in the Afghan political setup. The political legitimacy of the different groups has de-railed whole the system on the verge of chaos. The main focus of this paper is to determine the struggles of Pakistan to restore the true political system in Afghanistan through the participation of all the stakeholders in the scenario.

AbstractLandfill leachates are highly contaminated liquid waste, and their treatment and detoxification are a challenging task. The current system of ecotoxicological risk assessment is complex and time-consuming. It is of fundamental importance to develop simpler and faster tools for the evaluation of the treated liquid waste and for an easier preliminary screening of the most active catalytic formulation/reaction conditions of the Fenton-like process. Here, several analytical techniques have been used for the assessment of the reduction of toxicity of the landfill leachate after Fenton process over copper-zirconia catalyst (ZrCu). Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and absorbable organic halogens (AOX) analysis have been coupled to achieve further insight into the degradation of contaminants. In addition, for the first time, the qualitative abatement of organic compounds is monitored through proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analysis, providing a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment. Spectroscopic techniques reveal that the Fenton process induces a significant abatement of the aromatic and halogen compounds (51%) in the landfill leachate with a reduction of the toxicity that has been confirmed by ecotoxicological test with algae. These results validate the investigated tool for a simple rapid preliminary evaluation of the detoxification efficacy.