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Airline tickets that have been obtained illicitly represent a truly global crime. The travel industry and law enforcement have been attempting to address travel fraud for some time. Airline tickets can be obtained using various cybercrime methods. They are traded and advertised on online blackmarkets and through fraudulent travel agencies. This research is qualitative in nature, informed by interviews with law enforcement and industry stakeholders, as well as the analysis of a marketplace where fraudulently obtained tickets are traded. This research considers: the nature of the criminal market for fraudulently obtained tickets, the involvement of co-offending and organised crime, the geographic nature of travel fraud, and the ways in which those supplying fraudulently obtained tickets try to avoid detection. Also considered is how the nature of travel fraud has changed over time, ways in which it may continue to change, and the challenges faced by law enforcement. ; Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate, Cyber Security Division (DHSS\&T/CSD) Broad Agency Announcement 11.02, the Government of Australia and SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific [contract number N66001-13-C-0131] (to 30 September 2016)

Abstract
Airline tickets that have been obtained illicitly represent a truly global crime. The travel industry and law enforcement have been attempting to address travel fraud for some time. Airline tickets can be obtained using various cybercrime methods. They are traded and advertised on online blackmarkets and through fraudulent travel agencies. This research is qualitative in nature, informed by interviews with law enforcement and industry stakeholders, as well as the analysis of a marketplace where fraudulently obtained tickets are traded. This research considers: the nature of the criminal market for fraudulently obtained tickets, the involvement of co-offending and organized crime, the geographic nature of travel fraud, and the ways in which those supplying fraudulently obtained tickets try to avoid detection. Also considered is how the nature of travel fraud has changed over time, ways in which it may continue to change, and the challenges faced by law enforcement.

This paper considers the processes in the illicit online prescription drug trade, namely search-redirection attacks and the operation of unlicensed pharmacies using crime script analysis. Empirical data have been used to describe the salient elements of the online criminal infrastructures and associated monetization paths enabling criminal profitability. This analysis reveals the existence of structural chokepoints: components of online criminal operations being limited in number, and critical for the operations' profitability. Consequently, interventions targeting such components can reduce the opportunities and incentives to engage in online crime through an increase in criminal operational costs, and in the risk of apprehension. ; This work was supported by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate, Cyber Security Division (DHSS&T/CSD) Broad Agency Announcement 11.02; the Government of Australia; and SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific [contract number N66001-13-C-0131]. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect those of the aforementioned agencies. ; This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Oxford University Press via http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyv006

This study examines the signals of trust in stolen data advertisements by analysing the structural and situational factors that influence the type of feedback sellers receive. Specifically, this article explores the factors associated with positive and negative buyer feedback from the purchase of stolen credit card data in a series of advertisements from a sample of Russian and English language forums where individuals buy and sell personal information. The results of zero-inflated Poisson regression models suggest that the sellers may influence their likelihood of receiving feedback by specifying the type of payment mechanism, choosing the advertisement language and selecting the type of market they operate within. The implications of this study for our understanding of online illicit markets, criminological theory and policy-making will be explored in depth. ; Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate, Cyber Security Division (DHSSandT/ CSD) Broad Agency Announcement 11.02, the Government of Australia and SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific [N66001-13-C-0131]; National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice [2010-IJ-CX-1676, 2010] ; This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Oxford University Press via https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyw007

We set out to investigate how customers comprehend bank terms and conditions (T&Cs). If T&Cs are incomprehensible, then it is unreasonable to expect customers to comply with them. An expert analysis of 30 bank contracts across 25 countries found that in most cases the contract terms were too vague to be understood; in some cases they differ by product type, and advice can even be contradictory. While many banks allow customers to write PINs down as long as they are disguised and not kept with the card, 20% of banks do not allow PINs to be written down at all, and a handful do not allow PINs to be shared between accounts. We test our findings on 151 participants in Germany, the US and UK. They mostly agree: only 35% fully understand the T&Cs, and 28% find that sections are unclear. There are strong regional variations: Germans find their T&Cs particularly hard to understand, but Americans assume harsher T&Cs than they actually are, and tend to be reassured when they actually read them. ; This work was supported by The Royal Society [grant number UF110392] to SJM; the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [grant number EP/G037264/1] to IB; the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate, Cyber Security Division (DHSS T/CSD) Broad Agency Announcement 11.02, the Government of Australia and SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific [contract number N66001-13-C-0131] to AH.