Suchergebnisse

What happens when a humanitarian crisis with political roots interacts with a humanitarian crisis induced by environmental disaster? That is the question at the core of Dual Disasters. Focusing on Sri Lanka and Indonesia, countries that were dealing with complex upheavals long before the 2004 tsunami struck, Jennifer Hyndman shows how the storm shifted the goals of international aid, altered relations among and within states, and accelerated or slowed peacebuilding efforts. Hyndman deftly guides readers through the multifaceted forces at work in the aftermath of modern humanitarian disasters.

The military conflict in Sri Lanka may be over officially, but conflict continues as a 'war without sound' (community informant, Mullaitivu 2013), or as war by other means (Dahlman 2011). In the absence of peace and reconciliation, but the presence of economic growth, development by stealth proceeds. Much has been written about the militarisation of civilian life in Sri Lanka (Kadirgamar 2013; David 2013), but this paper focuses specifically on how militarisation has proceeded with little public protest or pushback. The political work accomplished by 'securitisation' is used to gain consent and create new space and capacity for state security measures and militarisation. This paper recasts the connections between security, peace, and development in post-war Sri Lanka, drawing on fieldwork in one area that connects all of these projects: tourism. An analysis of 'war tourism' in Sri Lanka shows how it reproduces threats to Sri Lanka's security at the same time that it celebrates military victory and might. Tourism encapsulates economic, security, and development agendas in very specific ways. Tourist sites mobilise fear of potential terrorism and return to the rule of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), if vigilance and militarisation are not maintained. In such a context of risk, development is best done by the military. Within this logic of securitisation, militarisation becomes a common sense approach. How is this common sense produced? The securitisation of development is vivid in the post-war context of Sri Lanka, inextricably tied to neoliberal imperatives to convey a democratic, stable country that is open to and good for business.

Liberal democratic norms are embodied in refugee camps and the states that host them in a multitude of ways: through refugee law and the 'good offices' of the United Nations; in relation to international aid and the prerequisites recipient governments must meet to receive it; and in refugee education to name but a few. In the Dadaab camps of Northeast Kenya, democracy and law meet intense geopolitical pressures. The camps are situated in what was once contested territory during the period of colonial rule. In the early 1990s and again in 2011, as Somalia faced armed conflict and related famine, thousands of refugees fled to the Dadaab camps. The presence of Somali refugees in Kenya is not politically neutral or merely humanitarian. The contradictions between liberal democratic norms and the prevailing geopolitical sentiments that favour keeping refugees in camps them are explored in the context of Dadaab. ; Des normes démocratiques libérales sont appliquées dans les camps de réfugiés et les États qui accueillent ces camps le font de plusieurs façons: par des lois sur les réfugiés et les bons offi ces des Nations Unies, par l'aide internationale donnée aux États sous certaines conditions, et à travers l'éducation auprès des réfugiés, pour n'en nommer que quelques unes. Dans les camps de Dadaab, dans le nord-est du Kenya, la démocratie et la loi subissent des pressions géopolitiques intenses. Ces camps sont situés dans un ter-ritoire autrefois contesté pendant la période coloniale. Au début des années 1990 et de nouveau en 2011, des milliers de réfugiés ont fui vers les camps de Dadaab, suite au confl it armé en Somalie et à la famine qui en a découlé. La présence de réfugiés somaliens au Kenya n'est pas une situation politiquement neutre ou simplement humani-taire. Les contradictions apparaissant entre les normes démocratiques libérales et les sentiments géopolitiques pré-dominants en faveur de garder ces réfugiés dans les camps, font l'objet de cet article, dans le contexte des camps de Dadaab.