Suchergebnisse

The research studies the contributions that cities and local governments have made to debates, both locally and globally, on cultural rights and on the role of the culture in sustainable development. The research consists of an extensive theoretical framework on the place of culture in sustainable development and on the current state of the art on cultural rights. The research analyzes the contexts, the drafting processes, the contents and the initial impact of the documents "Agenda 21 for culture" (approved in 2004) and "Culture 21 Actions" (approved in 2015). Two cities, Barcelona and Mexico City, are taken as concrete examples. The research uses the technique of analysis of interaction to methodically analyze the relationship between each one of the 169 targets of the Sustainable Development Goals with each one of the 100 actions listed in Culture 21 Actions. The research suggests several elements of innovation to public policies in the field of culture, both in relation to content and to the methodologies of analysis. The research demonstrates the relevance of Agenda 21 for culture and Culture 21 Actions in current debates on development, marked by the existence of the Sustainable Development Goals and by the growing importance of cultural rights ; La recerca estudia les contribucions que les ciutats i els governs locals han realitzat als debats, tant a escala local com a escala internacional, sobre els drets culturals i sobre el paper de la cultura en el desenvolupament sostenible. La recerca es compon d'un extens marc teòric sobre aquests dos temes. La recerca analitza els contextos d'aparició, els processos de redacció, els continguts i l'impacte inicial dels documents "Agenda 21 de la cultura" (aprovat el 2004) i "Cultura 21 Accions" (aprovat el 2015). Dues ciutats, Barcelona i Ciutat de Mèxic, ambdues molt vinculades amb l'Agenda 21 de la cultura, es prenen com a exemples concrets. La recerca utilitza la tècnica de l'anàlisi de la interacció per detallar de manera metòdica la relació entre cadascuna de ...

The research studies the contributions that cities and local governments have made to debates, both locally and globally, on cultural rights and on the role of the culture in sustainable development. The research consists of an extensive theoretical framework on the place of culture in sustainable development and on the current state of the art on cultural rights. The research analyzes the contexts, the drafting processes, the contents and the initial impact of the documents "Agenda 21 for culture" (approved in 2004) and "Culture 21 Actions" (approved in 2015). Two cities, Barcelona and Mexico City, are taken as concrete examples. The research uses the technique of analysis of interaction to methodically analyze the relationship between each one of the 169 targets of the Sustainable Development Goals with each one of the 100 actions listed in Culture 21 Actions. The research suggests several elements of innovation to public policies in the field of culture, both in relation to content and to the methodologies of analysis. The research demonstrates the relevance of Agenda 21 for culture and Culture 21 Actions in current debates on development, marked by the existence of the Sustainable Development Goals and by the growing importance of cultural rights ; La recerca estudia les contribucions que les ciutats i els governs locals han realitzat als debats, tant a escala local com a escala internacional, sobre els drets culturals i sobre el paper de la cultura en el desenvolupament sostenible. La recerca es compon d'un extens marc teòric sobre aquests dos temes. La recerca analitza els contextos d'aparició, els processos de redacció, els continguts i l'impacte inicial dels documents "Agenda 21 de la cultura" (aprovat el 2004) i "Cultura 21 Accions" (aprovat el 2015). Dues ciutats, Barcelona i Ciutat de Mèxic, ambdues molt vinculades amb l'Agenda 21 de la cultura, es prenen com a exemples concrets. La recerca utilitza la tècnica de l'anàlisi de la interacció per detallar de manera metòdica la relació entre cadascuna de ...

This thesis has the intention to conduct a study and design of a solid rocket motor and its propellant, for a later implementation, construction and testing of it in a test stand. Thestudy anddesign of the motor will be carried out using as outlines the requirements set either by the legislation or the ones imposed by the objectives of the study. These requirements, together with a bibliographic search for the state of the art and the expressions needed to compute the parameters defining the motor, and the use of adequate software will define the expected performance of the motor.The implementation and construction of the motor itself will be carried out by the thesis' director, as he has the knowledge on how to operate the machinery to obtain the parts conforming the motor.Finally, the testing of the motor will have to be done by using a test stand, the design and construction of which arethe final master's thesis of another student. During the test of the motor, the thrust and other parameters will be measured and compared with the calculated onesduring the design phase.

Education can generate knowledge and foster a change in attitude provided that people feel individually and collectively responsible for the state of the environment. San Juan Nuevo Parangaricutiro is an internationally recognised indigenous community located in western Mexico that manages its forest sustainably through a community‐based forest enterprise. However, recent research has shown that both children and young people from the community show little interest in participating in forest activities or working in forest enterprise and have a poor standard of environmental knowledge. Our research project assessed the environmental learning process of 32 high‐school pupils in three settings: at school at home and in a forest enterprise. The opinions of teachers and adults of teaching subjects which focus on communal forest management were collected using various methods (questionnaires, observation and interviews) and analysed. The results show that school and home alike are important places for learning. However, environmental issues were not much addressed in the schoolroom or in conversations between parents and children. Furthermore, no connection between the activities of the forest enterprise and the school curriculum was found.

Education can generate knowledge and foster a change in attitude provided that people feel individually and collectively responsible for the state of the environment. San Juan Nuevo Parangaricutiro is an internationally recognised indigenous community located in western Mexico that manages its forest sustainably through a community-based forest enterprise. However, recent research has shown that both children and young people from the community show little interest in participating in forest activities or working in forest enterprise and have a poor standard of environmental knowledge. Our research project assessed the environmental learning process of 32 high-school pupils in three settings: at school at home and in a forest enterprise. The opinions of teachers and adults of teaching subjects which focus on communal forest management were collected using various methods (questionnaires, observation and interviews) and analysed. The results show that school and home alike are important places for learning. However, environmental issues were not much addressed in the schoolroom or in conversations between parents and children. Furthermore, no connection between the activities of the forest enterprise and the school curriculum was found. Adapted from the source document.

Bioethanol is mixed with gasoline according to many countries' legislation pursuing environmental sustainability by reducing the use of fossil fuels. Bioethanol is produced by fermentation of many organic waste or biomass resources in diluted aqueous media. Unfortunately, bioethanol for fuel use must have a low content of water and its recovery is an energy intensive operation. Heterogeneous azeotropic distillation (HAD) is a well-known suitable option for dehydration of alcohols, e.g. ethanol. Many entrainers for this process are studied in literature and, in this study, is checked and verified that gasoline and gasoline additives present the lowest energy consumption. For this purpose, novel processes are proposed and rigorously simulated using AspenPlus® to verify their performance with respect to conventional processes used currently. Based on the simulation results, the processes are then compared in terms of environmental impact (expressed by the Potential Environmental Impact (PEI) index) and economic cost. Ethanol dehydration is a non-spontaneous process that requires energy to be accomplished and, on the other hand, mixing ethanol with gasoline and additives is a spontaneous process. Combining both processes in synergy in a single unit, energy consumption decreases by 50% and Potential Environmental Impact by 80%. Finally, the economic study indicated the benefits of employing the novel proposed scheme of one distillation column as CAPEX is reduced by 20% and the payback time to 1.5 years. Therefore, a novel viable process is proposed that greatly reduces the environmental impact of nowadays gasoline production.

Bioethanol is mixed with gasoline according to many countries' legislation pursuing environmental sustainability by reducing the use of fossil fuels. Bioethanol is produced by fermentation of many organic waste or biomass resources in diluted aqueous media. Unfortunately, bioethanol for fuel use must have a low content of water and its recovery is an energy intensive operation. Heterogeneous azeotropic distillation (HAD) is a well-known suitable option for dehydration of alcohols, e.g. ethanol. Many entrainers for this process are studied in literature and, in this study, is checked and verified that gasoline and gasoline additives present the lowest energy consumption. For this purpose, novel processes are proposed and rigorously simulated using AspenPlus® to verify their performance with respect to conventional processes used currently. Based on the simulation results, the processes are then compared in terms of environmental impact (expressed by the Potential Environmental Impact (PEI) index) and economic cost. Ethanol dehydration is a non-spontaneous process that requires energy to be accomplished and, on the other hand, mixing ethanol with gasoline and additives is a spontaneous process. Combining both processes in synergy in a single unit, energy consumption decreases by 50% and Potential Environmental Impact by 80%. Finally, the economic study indicated the benefits of employing the novel proposed scheme of one distillation column as CAPEX is reduced by 20% and the payback time to 1.5 years. Therefore, a novel viable process is proposed that greatly reduces the environmental impact of nowadays gasoline production.

Actas de la VI Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna. Universidad de Alcalá de Henares 2000. ISBN: 84-8138-587-5 ; Peer reviewed

Nowadays the ventilation design of enclosed spaces is still based on the number of air renewals per hour. This coarse approach was developed in the past but nowadays is a fast and simple computational exercise to determine where and when the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is surpassed. A rather superficial Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is able to provide insights that are useful to propose measures to keep the pollutants concentrations at safe levels. As illustrative example, the contaminants' level inside a factory is simulated, both in steady and unsteady state, for risk and health assessment to determine the contaminant levels reached as consequence of the normal operation or in case of a sudden release. The case study is based on an example related to the ventilation of a printing factory for which there are field measurements available in literature. Two pollutants are emitted separately; one continuously during operation and the other only sporadically during cleaning. A good agreement is obtained between the simulations and previous field measurements. This case is an example that a design fulfilling the legislation according to the air renewals tabulated can surpass the threshold limit value in practice. The main conclusion is that the legislation should be based on CFD results instead of general tabulated values, as in some cases the ventilation could be too oversized and in others may result insufficient.

We report the results of a taxonomic revision of the species of Bryconamericus from the Amazon River Basin of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and the Pacific coastal rivers of Peru. Based on morphological analyses, four valid species are recognized: B. bolivianus Pearson 1924, B. osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen 1942, B. pachacuti Eigenmann 1927 and B. phoenicopterus (Cope 1872). Three new species are described: B. lambayequensis sp. n. from the Cañariaco River, Pacific coast, Peru and two from the Amazon River Basin: B. abalio sp. n. from the Ucayali River drainage, Peru, and B. parapetiensis sp. n. from Itenez/Parapeti, Amazonia, Bolivia. Two species are synonymized and one was recently assigned to another genus: Bryconamericus alfredae is considered a junior synonym of Acrobrycon ipanquianus; Bryconamericus grosvenori is a junior synonym of B. bolivianus. A taxonomic key to these species of Bryconamericus and comments on the conservation status of the Amazonian and Pacific coast freshwater ichthyofauna are also included.