Suchergebnisse

The article makes a contribution to academic discussion about the actual global problem of providing world's population with the food. The paper focuses on cooperation between Russia and China in the context of economic development of Russian border regions and food security in China which is both largest food producer and food consumer. The main research question is how the situation with the food security in China influences cooperation between Russia in China in agriculture production and trade (especially grain trade) and could Russia benefit from it. And otherwise, what makes it difficult to cope with China in this aspect: alarmist sentiments, bureaucratic troubles or lack of food in Russia itself. On the basis of the analysis of sources about Russian production, Chinese consumption and the flow of goods via Russo-Chinese border the author concludes that import of Russian products (especially soybeans) has important but not crucial role for China's food security while the demand for Russian production would maintain in the future. It is becoming more profitable for Russian agriculture business to produce food for Chinese market in recent years so now large-scale Russian corporations displace small-scale Chinese farmers from the Russian Far East soil but involvement of Chinese trade companies maintains crucial. There are good prospects for development of agriculture in the eastern regions of Russian (not only Far East but Siberia as well) while increasing of export to China could be provided only after the construction of special port terminal in the Russian Far East. Author proposes several variants for location of such a port terminal and analyzes actual situation in this sphere.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of Russia-China strategic partnership in the context of decoupling and rivalry of USA and China. The author revises popular amongst Western experts idea that Russia-China contingence started after decline in relations between Russia and the West in the XXI century. Instead, the author argues that Russia (Soviet Union) –China partnership is a result of long-term and systematic contingence that started in the 1980s. Trigger for that was US-China Rapprochement in the 1970s – a process, which took Soviet leadership over a rough road at the final stage of the cold war and stimulated it to the search of normalization of relations with China, its neighbor with a vast land border. However, later Russia-China relations had been developing regardless of the American factor – a fact that proves mutual interest of both Russia and China in cooperation. Russia-China relations level reached its peak in the period when both Russia and China benefited from relations with the USA and so-called "Global West", so it can not be concluded that their partnership is the result of worsening relations with the West only. Nevertheless, it's obvious that currently geopolitical and sanctions pressure of the USA towards both Russia and China brings them even closer to each other but it is still not the prime cause of Russia-China partnership. Assessing the prospects of Russia-China partnership one should take into the consideration that even in the case of the US-China new rapprochement Russia and China would continue to be the key economic partners for each other (especially in the context of energy trade, technology transfer and cargo transportation via Eurasia and Northern Sea Route) so that their partnership would develop regardless of situational changes in their relations with the West.

УДК 349.41The article is devoted to the analysis of legal forms and informal land use practices existing among Chinese farmers on the Russian Far East. The main intention of the authors is to explore the reasons for the existence of sustainable practices circumvent legal restrictions of land rights of foreign citizens and legal entities, as well as determine the "limits of limitations" of land rights of foreigners (including property and land lease rights). Problem field of the research includes definition of trends of legal regulation in this sphere, classification of informal land use practices by Chinese farmers, as well as a comparative description of the trends in legal regulation of land relations with foreign element in the Commonwealth of Independent States and Asia-Pacific countries. Methodology includes sociological methods (interview, participant observation) by which authors has obtained and classified infor-mation on informal land use practices existing among Chinese farmers. Specially-legal methods (including comparative legal analysis and method of normative interpretation) were used to determine the regulatory trends in neighboring countries as well as to find out the limits of restrictions which may be imposed on foreigners land rights without con-tradiction with federal Constitution. Restrictive initiatives promoted recently by Ministry of agriculture not only make a visible contrast with the liberalization of land use in the neighboring countries of the Asia-Pacific region, but also are not adequate in light of the government's intentions to attract foreign investment into the economy of the Far East region. The fact that some subjective rights belongs to foreign citizens and legal persons in itself does not allow the government to restrict them more than such rights of Russian citizens. Moreover, further limitation invades in the very essence of the content (core) of the right for land. A further limitation of land use rights of foreigners not only would repel investment, but will also encourage the development of informal land use practices, which, in turn, are the breeding ground for corruption in local government, as well as in the controlling and supervisory authorities. ; УДК 349.41Статья посвящена анализу правовых ограничений и неформальных практик землепользования, существующих среди китайских фермеров на Дальнем Востоке России. Ограничительные инициативы последнего времени не только составляют контраст с либерализацией режима землепользования в соседних государствах АТР, но и не очевидны в свете правительственных намерений по привлечению иностранных инвестиций в экономику Дальнего Востока. Принадлежность субъективных прав иностранцам сама по себе не дает возможности большего их ограничения в сравнении с правами российских граждан. Дальнейшие их ограничения вторгаются в само существо содержания (ядро) права на землю. Ограничение прав землепользования иностранцев не только оттолкнет инвестиции, но и будет стимулировать развитие неформальных практик землепользования, которые являются питательной средой для коррупции в органах государственной власти и местного самоуправления.

There is no conceptual analysis of the Russia's pivot to East while a lot of discussion about nature and consequences of this geopolitical maneuver among both Russian and foreign analysts. The article based on the analysis of Russian official program documents explores the key aspects of the Russia`s reorientation to Asia policy. Authors view the policy in the context of three global processes: 1) participation of Russia in global competition towards reconfiguration of global order; 2) Russian strategy for reintegration of post-Soviet space and its interaction with alternatives projects for post-Soviet integration; 3) diversification of political and economic ties of Russia with its West/East partners. According to the authors' conclusions, the 'pivot to East' process is unfolding in several dimensions simultaneously. Current geopolitical reconfiguration is the result of long-term processes which closely related with main geopolitical and internal priorities of Moscow, and this gives the reasons for vision of the pivot to East as sustainable rising tendency, which will independent from current and short-run processes in the international affairs. The factors, which directly led Russia to this policy, were rapprochement with China, building of cooperation and integration infrastructure with Asia-Pacific and post-Soviet Central Asia countries, diversification of energy resources trade with the purposes of avoid dependency from monopsonic European market. ; Статья посвящена анализу предпосылок появления феномена российского «поворота на Восток». Несмотря на определённый скептицизм по отношению к этому понятию среди наблюдателей, как за рубежом, так и в самой России, авторы показывают, что пеореориентация России на тесное взаимодействие с государствами Азиатско-тихоокеанского региона и развитие восточных регионов страны действительно происходит. При этом отмечается, что «поворот на Восток» должным образом не концептуализирован и зачастую анализируется сквозь призму отдельно взятых сюжетов (например, воспринимается исключительно как ответ на западные санкции в посткрымский период). Авторы предлагают рассмотреть «поворот на Восток» в более широком историческом контексте, как следствие синергии трёх процессов: 1) участия России в глобальном соперничестве за реконфигурацию мирового порядка; 2) реализации Москвой проекта по реинтеграции постсоветского пространства и конкуренции с альтернативными направлениями постсоветской интеграции; 3) диверсификации политико-экономических связей. В результате анализа корпуса программных документов, относящихся к сфере внешней политики Москвы, делается вывод, что «поворот на Восток», который можно рассматривать как сознательный акт девестернизации, происходит на основе, созданной в 1990-2000-е годы. Непосредственными предпосылками (авторы называют их «движущими силами») к «повороту на Восток», который целесообразно отсчитывать от начала 2010-х годов, стали: сближение с Китаем, формирование инфраструктуры сотрудничества со странами АТР и постсоветской Центральной Азией, стремление России диверсифицировать рынок поставок энергоресурсов, выйдя из монопсонической зависимости от европейского покупателя.