Suchergebnisse

SPACE-TIME DEVELOPMENT MODEL PARALLELS BASIC PHYSICAL SYSTEMS IS EXTENDED IN THIS PAPER, PROVIDING ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS INTO SOCIAL PROCESSES. FORCES FOR SPATIAL DIFFUSION OF CAPITAL ARE EXAMINED AND UTILITY STEMMING FROM THE CONSUMPTION OF "C-POWER" AND OTHER NON-ECONOMIC GOODS IS INCORPORATED. THE SOCIAL JUSTICE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE EXTENTIONS ARE DERIVED.

The subject of peace economics and its ramifications are comprehensively and deeply attacked in this book. First of all the book presents a compact survey of significant contributions already made, and then it provides a broad theoretical background for examining the subject by evaluating four different approaches, those of 1) neoclassical welfare theory, 2) Keynesian and modern versions of macroeconomics, 3) modern growth theory and 4) political choice theory.A number of contributions deal with major questions on issues such as the impact of military cutbacks in the Eastern European economies upon their growth; trade between nations; arms trade; nuclear defense; and the benefits and costs of war as highlighted by the recent Gulf War. Issues of a more general nature but equally significant are also discussed, including the age-old negotiations problem of two mature political leaders of major powers in conflict; the determinants of military expenditures; and the problems of developing countries. In the last chapter the findings of the studies reported in the book are summarized and key directions for further research are identified.This book is indispensable for any economist or analyst conducting research on peace economics and the peace process or concerned with the impacts of recent arms reduction and conversion by the major powers and the escalation of military expenditures elsewhere.

FOR CONFLICT SITUATIONS, REALITY TO US IS TYPICALLY A MIXTURE OF (1) STRESS, (2) INABILITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL OR LEADER TO WEIGH AND CONSIDER ALL RELEVANT INFORMATION, AND (3) INSUFFICIENT TIME AND RESOURCES TO GATHER AND DEVELOP THE OPTIMAL SET OF INFORMATION (STOCK OF KNOWLEDGE), EVEN GIVEN THE LIMITED ANALYTIC CAPABILITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL OR LEADER. THE STRESS CAN BE THE RESULT OF MANY CAUSES. THERE IS THE BACKGROUND OF CONSTANTLY CHANGING TECHNOLOGY; CHANGING TASTES, SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE; CHANGES IN THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT (BOTH SLOW AND ABRUPT); AND, OF COURSE, CHANGES IN ACTIONS TAKEN BY OTHER BEHAVING UNITS. STRESS, TO SOME DEGREE, IS ALMOST ALWAYS PRESENT. HENCE WE WISH TO CONSIDER THIS FACTOR AT THE VERY START.

THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE NUMEROUS PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE WORLD PEACE SCIENCE CONGRESS. THE CENTRAL FOCUS OF THE CONGRESS WAS ON WAR AND PEACE AND THE PAPERS EXPLORED TERRORISM, GUERRILLA WARFARE AS WELL AS HOW TO MITIGATE THE ARMS RACE AND TO LESSEN MILITARY EXPENDITURES

THIS ARTICLE WAS DEVELOPED FROM MATERIALS IN A PAPER BY DR. JAMES P. BENNETT TITLED "NO SECOND THOUGHTS ABOUT 'NO FIRST USE' -HOW CAN THE POLICY ANALYST UNDERTAKE SUBJUNCTIVE REASONING IN POLITICAL ARGUMENT?", DATED MARCH 1984. IT CONTAINS A NUMBER OF NEW, BASIC IDEAS REGARDING POLITICAL ARGUMENTS AND POLICY ANALYSIS. THE AUTHORS, JUDGING THAT THESE IDEAS SHOULD BE PRESENTED EARLY, EVEN IN PRELIMINARY FORM, HAVE TAKEN UPON THEMSELVES THE TASK TO DEVELOP THEM IN A CONSISTENT, ORDERLY FASHION. WE HAVE DONE THIS DESPITE THE FACT THAT BENNETT STILL CONSIDERS HIS IDEAS TO BE FIRST, ROUGH STATEMENTS.

Certain basic principles which have been recognized & accepted in the soc sci's (the effect of scale & agglomeration econ's, transfer costs, etc.) are integrated into a simplified model of world hierarchical structure. The hierarchy of places & service areas is illustrated through vectors of influence & flow extending back & forth from the world primary node to the major & sub-regional primary nodes & to local community nuclei. Service areas of the nodes conforming the size & scale most efficient & appropriate for specific activities & functions are illustrated involving, eg, steel production at major regional primary nodes & elementary Sch's in the smallest service areas. With the presence of pol'al boundaries or other barriers inhibiting optimal spatial org, opportunity costs are introduced which detract from potential benefits. Recognition of the soc sci framework in which a system of world law should ideally operate must be complemented by identification of adjudicative criteria for balancing conflicting goals such as participation, efficiency & equality. Some measures of participation & analytic framework for reconciling goals are suggested. IPSA.