Suchergebnisse

In the aftermath of Japan's closing edicts of the 1640s, the curious episode of the mission of the Dutch agent Andries Frisius to the court of Iemitsu in 1650 was an emblematic case of the new course of the diplomatic relations established by the Tokugawa government with Europeans. Local authorities' occasional contacts with the Dutch still revealed uncertainty in diplomatic and commercial exchanges based on rules set by the central government, not yet fully implemented at the local level. Besides the embarrassment in developing official relations, the few European agents admitted in the archipelago had to satisfy the numerous requests from the authorities, as evidenced by the singular case of Frisius. Agents' commitments also included the presentation of official reports, the so-called fūsetsugaki, the news on overseas affairs and European historical events that envoys of the Dutch East India Company were asked to present regularly to the shogunal authorities in Edo. These chronicles had implications in terms of the reception of the image of Europe, influencing to some extent the foreign policy of the time. ; In the aftermath of Japan's closing edicts of the 1640s, the curious episode of the mission of the Dutch agent Andries Frisius to the court of Iemitsu in 1650 was an emblematic case of the new course of the diplomatic relations established by the Tokugawa government with Europeans. Local authorities' occasional contacts with the Dutch still revealed uncertainty in diplomatic and commercial exchanges based on rules set by the central government, not yet fully implemented at the local level. Besides the embarrassment in developing official relations, the few European agents admitted in the archipelago had to satisfy the numerous requests from the authorities, as evidenced by the singular case of Frisius. Agents' commitments also included the presentation of official reports, the so-called fūsetsugaki, the news on overseas affairs and European historical events that envoys of the Dutch East India Company were asked to present regularly to the shogunal authorities in Edo. These chronicles had implications in terms of the reception of the image of Europe, influencing to some extent the foreign policy of the time.

Over the centuries, Guangzhou (Canton) grew as one of the Chinese mainland and maritime terminus of the Silk Routes. During the early modern period, it was a key international seaport of Imperial China for trade, diplomacy and cultural relations with Western Europe. This paper focuses on the political and economic strategies adopted to make Guangzhou the pivot of the "one door" policy under the rule of Ming and Qing dynasties, aiming to collect and control all Western maritime exchanges exclusively in the area.

Il contributo ha carattere d'introduzione al volume, disamina i temi principali dell'opera attraverso i saggi in esso contenuti, una parte dei quali presentata al convegno internazionale "East Asia. Cross-cultural, scientific and economic exchanges. Historical perspectives, topical issues, programmes, and projects for sustainable development" (Novedrate, Como, Università eCampus, 18-19 giugno 2015), curato dalla stessa Autrice. L'introduzione chiarisce la genesi del volume e del convegno che lo ha preceduto e offre una riflessione tanto sul passato quanto sulla realtà odierna e globale degli scambi culturali, scientifici ed economici dell'Asia orientale anche in prospettiva storica, declinati alla luce delle più recenti pratiche e politiche per lo sviluppo sostenibile.

In the Edo period printing activities and the diffusion of printed books reveal the emergence of a secular culture, based on a growing urban society, an improved educational network, as well as a complex bureaucracy and governmental system. The traditional woodblock printing technology was the standard in Japan for almost all printed books until the second half of the 19th century. Besides the traditional cultural influences by Chinese sources, and the innovations in printing technologies coming from China and Korea, Japan also met and received Western culture and technology. The Jesuits brought metal movable-types and Christian texts at the end of the 16th century. Afterwards, the trade with European merchants and contacts with scholars in Deshima after 1639 brought books on Western sciences and technologies, opening a new phase of cultural exchange and book learning.