Suchergebnisse

Die regionalen Disparitäten in Rumänien sind zum großen Teil bedingt durch die überkommenen sozio-ökonomischen Strukturen, aktuelle Investitionen und Deinvestitionen wirtschaftlicher Unternehmen und die politischen Entscheidungen zur Regionalentwicklung. Zu- und Abwanderungsprozesse sind Ausdruck der Disparitäten und verstärken sie zugleich. Der Artikel stellt die Frage, welche theoretischen Perspektiven beim Studium dieser Vorgänge eingenommen werden können und geht dann auf konkrete räumliche Entwicklungen der Wirtschaft ein, wobei statistische Indikatoren verwendet werden. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass einige traditionelle Raummuster fortgesetzt und verstärkt werden und dass neue hinzukommen. Die Richtungsänderung der Binnenmigration von einer dominanten Land-Stadt-Wanderung zu einer vorherrschenden Stadt-Land-Wanderung könnte zunächst als ein Hinweis für den Ausgleich von regionalen Disparitäten gedeutet werden. Tatsächlich kann der ländliche Raum als Folge der Reprivatisierung der Landwirtschaft und anderer Sachverhalte zwar soziale Probleme (Arbeitslosigkeit wegen massiver De-Industrialiserung) bis zu einem gewissen Grade auffangen, aber er kann wegen seiner grundsätzlichen Strukturprobleme keine langfristigen Perspektiven für die Mehrheit der ländlichen Bevölkerung bieten. Deshalb sind effektive und aufeinander abgestimmte Konzepte, Maßnahmen und Vorschläge für die Regionalentwicklung im Allgemeinen und für die ländliche Entwicklung im Besonderen erforderlich, die der Beitrag abschließend anspricht. (Autorenreferat)

Women entrepreneurs in Bucharest, Romania, increased by six times
(compared to five times for men) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, during a period of
transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. A study of over 150 territory
referential units shows a concentration of business women in central, high income areas
and a correlation between the entrepreneurial status and education. Data from 50
telephone interviews show that women with university degrees are more likely to operate at
a city-wide or national scale, in fields such as cosmeticology, consultancy, law, design, art,
and manufacturing. Women without higher education tend to operate at a local, smaller
scale. Both spatial concentration and education have an impact upon business behaviour.

Complex processes, specific to the countries in transition, have had major
impacts on restructuring the territorial management systems. The removal of restrictions of
limiting urban expansion, imposed by the totalitarian regime, has allowed the rapid
expansion of cities, beyond administrative boundaries, since 1989. The concept of
emerging metropolitan area is explained by the multitude of problems posed by the
sketching of these areas and especially by their functioning. Synthesizing, there are
presented some managerial experiences considered inchoate, of some emerging
Romanian metropolitan areas, with an emphasis on Bucharest's metropolitan area. The
conclusions of these descriptive analysis show the complexity of the problems that can
occur during the process of building of the metropolitan areas under the circumstances of
lack of an inter-municipal cooperation culture. Integrated management takes into account
two realities: firstly, that the management of emerging metropolitan areas is trans-scalar,
achieving the partial mergence of the management types (including the collegiate one),
and secondly, that insuring a multi-level governance without implementing a polycentric
intra-metropolitan development policy, is not sufficient.

The 'Europe 2020 Strategy' was issued in 2010 by the European Commission. This document constitutes a growth scheme for the decade 2010-2020 that aims to help the European Union to emerge from the current crisis through the so-called smart, sustainable and inclusive dimensions of growth. In this context, the basic aim of the SIESTA ("Spatial Indicators for a 'Europe 2020 Strategy' Territorial Analysis") Project has been to illustrate the territorial dimension of the 'Europe 2020 Strategy'. In other words, to show how this document acts territorially, particularly at the regional scale, but, when possible, also at the urban level. The SIESTA Project has been funded by ESPON ("European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion"), a European Commission Programme whose mission is to support policy development in relation to the aim of territorial cohesion and a harmonious development of the European territory. This book includes most of the main findings and conclusions obtained through research of the SIESTA Project. The contents were presented and discussed as keynote addresses or communications at the SIESTA Final Conference held in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, on 4-5 April 2013.

Countries in transition to a market economy exhibit increased regional disparities, leading to differences in the standard of life and in the chances of the population to benefit from the radical socio-economic and political changes. Our aim in this article is to find an index other than the gross domestic product, and maybe a synthetic one, capable of measuring territorial imbalances. In search of such an index, we considered 17 indicators to be relevant and applied these to the 41 Romanian counties. The results indicate that territorial disparities in a transition country with a large rural population can be measured by an aggregate index essentially formed by the gross domestic product, the number of inhabitants per room, and the rate of school dropouts.