Suchergebnisse

Mediation erneuert die Demokratie und führt zu gerechteren Entscheidungen. Die Autorin begründet aus verschiedenen interdisziplinären Sichtweisen, weshalb Mediation die ideale deliberative wie auch verfassungsrechtlich erforderliche Methode ist, mit der Demokratiedefizite herkömmlicher Entscheidungsprozesse behoben werden können. Es wird weiter aufgezeigt, dass gerade auch komplexe Entscheidungen mediativer Steuerung bedürfen, um diese verantwortlich, fair und interessenbasiert vorzubereiten und zum Wohle aller zu treffen. Das vorurteilsfreie Wahrnehmen und Verstehen der unterschiedlichen Interessen als Basis für ein echtes und demokratisch notwendiges Miteinander sowie als Grundlage für gerechte Entscheidungen wird durch Mediation lebendig. Mediation ist daher nicht nur eine Konfliktlösungsmethode, sondern trägt wesentlich zur Optimierung und Demokratisierung von demokratischen Entscheidungsprozessen bei

Mediation erneuert die Demokratie und führt zu gerechteren Entscheidungen. Die Autorin begründet aus verschiedenen interdisziplinären Sichtweisen, weshalb Mediation die ideale deliberative wie auch verfassungsrechtlich erforderliche Methode ist, mit der Demokratiedefizite herkömmlicher Entscheidungsprozesse behoben werden können. Es wird weiter aufgezeigt, dass gerade auch komplexe Entscheidungen mediativer Steuerung bedürfen, um diese verantwortlich, fair und interessenbasiert vorzubereiten und zum Wohle aller zu treffen. Das vorurteilsfreie Wahrnehmen und Verstehen der unterschiedlichen Interessen als Basis für ein echtes und demokratisch notwendiges Miteinander sowie als Grundlage für gerechte Entscheidungen wird durch Mediation lebendig. Mediation ist daher nicht nur eine Konfliktlösungsmethode, sondern trägt wesentlich zur Optimierung und Demokratisierung von demokratischen Entscheidungsprozessen bei.

Indirect land use changes (iLUC) from bioenergy emerge whenever an energy crop is planted in arable land. Due to their overarching magnitude from a life-cycle perspective, they have been repeatedly recommended to be included in bioenergy's greenhouse gas (GHG) accountings, despite their challenging quantification and inherent uncertainties. Marginal or abandoned lands have been often quoted as the solution to avoid these undesired effects from bioenergy. However, land abandonment and marginalization is to a large extent a socio-economic process, and thus heavily depends on specific, constantly changing socio-political context and economic circumstances in place. We suggest a carbon negative bioenergy system that compensates for potential iLUC emissions and losses in soil organic carbon (SOC). A consequential life cycle assessment on willow bioenergy has been performed, distinguishing marginal and arable land scenarios. Specific soil types and their estimated SOC changes have been considered [9], as well as iLUC emissions for the arable case. Taking the study case of a willow plantation combined with a medium-scale gasification plant in Denmark, we illustrate the biochar needed from the process in order to remain carbon neutral. The time scopes assessed are 20 and 100 years and it is assumed a fossil fuel (FF) free Denmark beyond 2050 as targeted by government (no FF displacement occurs after 2050). Results show that willow on marginal land remains carbon negative (4% biochar fraction) for the short term, while as much as 31,8% of biochar (or 0,95 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) would be necessary in 100 years to be carbon neutral (taking natural vegetation as reference baseline). As for arable land willow, a biochar fraction of 34,1% (or 2,32 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) would be necessary in the short term to compensate for iLUC emissions, while a 4% would suffice to make it carbon negative in the long term, as iLUC "dilutes" over 100 years. To achieve such high biochar fractions (>10%), lower process temperatures are needed, which affect negatively the long-term stability of biochar. This can put at risk the claimed GWP reduction benefits. This study did not consider impacts on other environmental aspects as ecosystem services and biodiversity, which are deemed to be rather important and significant for iLUC

Concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) have continued to increase whereas atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen has declined in Europe and the USA during recent decades. Using time series of flux observations from 23 forests distributed throughout Europe and the USA, and generalised mixed models, we found that forest-level net ecosystem production and gross primary production have increased by 1% annually from 1995 to 2011. Statistical models indicated that increasing atmospheric CO2 was the most important factor driving the increasing strength of carbon sinks in these forests. We also found that the reduction of sulphur deposition in Europe and the USA lead to higher recovery in ecosystem respiration than in gross primary production, thus limiting the increase of carbon sequestration. By contrast, trends in climate and nitrogen deposition did not significantly contribute to changing carbon fluxes during the studied period. Our findings support the hypothesis of a general CO2-fertilization effect on vegetation growth and suggest that, so far unknown, sulphur deposition plays a significant role in the carbon balance of forests in industrialized regions. Our results show the need to include the effects of changing atmospheric composition, beyond CO2, to assess future dynamics of carbon-climate feedbacks not currently considered in earth system/climate modelling. ; European Research Council Synergy grant [ERC-2013-SyG 610028-IMBALANCE-P]; Spanish Government grant [CGL2013-48074-P]; Catalan Government projects [SGR 2014-274, FI-2013]; Scientific Research - Flanders; Juan de la Cierva fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; GHG-Europe project; Australian Climate Change Science Programme ; This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.

The following authors were omitted from the original version of this Data Descriptor: Markus Reichstein and Nicolas Vuichard. Both contributed to the code development and N. Vuichard contributed to the processing of the ERA-Interim data downscaling. Furthermore, the contribution of the co-author Frank Tiedemann was re-evaluated relative to the colleague Corinna Rebmann, both working at the same sites, and based on this re-evaluation a substitution in the co-author list is implemented (with Rebmann replacing Tiedemann). Finally, two affiliations were listed incorrectly and are corrected here (entries 190 and 193). The author list and affiliations have been amended to address these omissions in both the HTML and PDF versions. © 2021, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.