Suchergebnisse

The end of the twentieth century was characterized by important changes in financial markets with their development, liberalization and concentration in a cross-border dynamic. A highlight of these changes is the gradual acceleration of comovements between asset prices, both between market segments, but also between countries. If the opening of capital markets enhances the optimal allocation of resources and risks, this opening may also imply a global systemic risk with some intensified comovements observed in times of crisis. As a result, the multiplication of these fast dynamics of transmission is a major challenge for policy makers (central banks) in terms of financial modelling to ensure the monitoring of the financial system stability as a whole. The first objective of this thesis consists in the use of innovative techniques in financial econometrics (including multifractal models) that allow to take into account both the long-term dynamics of assets (for instance, linked to the advent of the Euro area) without neglecting the very short term dynamics. A second objective highlights the interest for policy makers in the use of high frequency data. We notably show that the use of such data sheds a new light on the evaluation of the operational framework of the European Central Bank and its interaction with all the financial markets. ; La fin du XXème siècle a été marquée par d'importantes mutations des marchés financiers de par leur développement, libéralisation et enfin concentration dans une dynamique transfrontalière. Un fait saillant de ces mutations est l'accélération progressive des comouvements de prix d'actifs, à la fois entre segments de marchés, mais également entre pays. Si l'ouverture des marchés de capitaux favorise une allocation optimale des ressources et des risques, cette même ouverture fait également planer un risque systémique, à l'échelle du globe de par l'intensification de ces comouvements observés en période de crise. De ce fait, la multiplication des dynamiques de transmission, de plus en plus rapides se présente comme un enjeu majeur pour les décideurs politiques (banques centrales) en termes de modélisation financière pour permettre un suivi de la stabilité du système financier dans son ensemble. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est d'utiliser plusieurs techniques innovantes de l'économétrie financière (notamment les modèles multifractals) qui permettent de prendre en compte à la fois les dynamiques de long terme entre différents actifs (liées par exemple à l'avènement de la zone euro) sans pour autant négliger les dynamiques de très court terme. Un second objectif est de mettre en évidence l'apport pour les décideurs politiques de l'utilisation des données à haute fréquence. Nous montrons que l'utilisation de ces données permet notamment un éclairage nouveau sur l'évaluation du cadre opérationnel de la Banque Centrale Européenne et de son interaction avec l'ensemble des marchés financiers.

The end of the twentieth century was characterized by important changes in financial markets with their development, liberalization and concentration in a cross-border dynamic. A highlight of these changes is the gradual acceleration of comovements between asset prices, both between market segments, but also between countries. If the opening of capital markets enhances the optimal allocation of resources and risks, this opening may also imply a global systemic risk with some intensified comovements observed in times of crisis. As a result, the multiplication of these fast dynamics of transmission is a major challenge for policy makers (central banks) in terms of financial modelling to ensure the monitoring of the financial system stability as a whole. The first objective of this thesis consists in the use of innovative techniques in financial econometrics (including multifractal models) that allow to take into account both the long-term dynamics of assets (for instance, linked to the advent of the Euro area) without neglecting the very short term dynamics. A second objective highlights the interest for policy makers in the use of high frequency data. We notably show that the use of such data sheds a new light on the evaluation of the operational framework of the European Central Bank and its interaction with all the financial markets. ; La fin du XXème siècle a été marquée par d'importantes mutations des marchés financiers de par leur développement, libéralisation et enfin concentration dans une dynamique transfrontalière. Un fait saillant de ces mutations est l'accélération progressive des comouvements de prix d'actifs, à la fois entre segments de marchés, mais également entre pays. Si l'ouverture des marchés de capitaux favorise une allocation optimale des ressources et des risques, cette même ouverture fait également planer un risque systémique, à l'échelle du globe de par l'intensification de ces comouvements observés en période de crise. De ce fait, la multiplication des dynamiques de transmission, de plus ...

In this paper the probability of informed trading (PIN) model developed by Easley and O'Hara (1992) is applied to analyze the role and impact of heterogeneities in euro overnight unsecured market. The empirical assessment of the functioning of this market is based on the PIN which measures the ability of traders to interpret signals on the expected evolution of the overnight rate. Results show that between 2000 and 2004 a heterogeneous learning process of market mechanisms within participants could be observed, whereas such asymmetries have been sharply decreasing since 2005. This is reviewed against some significant events that occurred in the euro money market, such as the reform of the Eurosystem's operational framework in March 2004 and the recent financial market turmoil, which has represented a break in the steady decline of asymmetries as evidence suggest.

International audience ; We consider the channel consisting in transferring the credit risk associated with refinancing operations between financial institutions to market participants. In particular, we analyze liquidity and volatility premia on the French government debt securities market, since these assets are used as collateral both in the open market operations of the ECB and on the interbank market. In our time-varying transition probability Markov-switching (TVTP-MS) model, we highlight the existence of two regimes. In one of them, which we refer to as the conventional regime, monetary policy neutrality is verified; in the other, which we dub the unconventional regime, monetary policy operations lead to volatility and liquidity premia on the collateral market. The existence of these conventional and unconventional regimes highlights some asymmetries in the conduct of monetary policy.

International audience ; We consider the channel consisting in transferring the credit risk associated with refinancing operations between financial institutions to market participants. In particular, we analyze liquidity and volatility premia on the French government debt securities market, since these assets are used as collateral both in the open market operations of the ECB and on the interbank market. In our time-varying transition probability Markov-switching (TVTP-MS) model, we highlight the existence of two regimes. In one of them, which we refer to as the conventional regime, monetary policy neutrality is verified; in the other, which we dub the unconventional regime, monetary policy operations lead to volatility and liquidity premia on the collateral market. The existence of these conventional and unconventional regimes highlights some asymmetries in the conduct of monetary policy.

International audience ; We consider the channel consisting in transferring the credit risk associated with refinancing operations between financial institutions to market participants. In particular, we analyze liquidity and volatility premia on the French government debt securities market, since these assets are used as collateral both in the open market operations of the ECB and on the interbank market. In our time-varying transition probability Markov-switching (TVTP-MS) model, we highlight the existence of two regimes. In one of them, which we refer to as the conventional regime, monetary policy neutrality is verified; in the other, which we dub the unconventional regime, monetary policy operations lead to volatility and liquidity premia on the collateral market. The existence of these conventional and unconventional regimes highlights some asymmetries in the conduct of monetary policy.

Policy impact studies often suffer from endogeneity problems. Consider the case of the ECB Securities Markets Programme: If Eurosystem interventions were triggered by sudden and strong price deteriorations, looking at daily price changes may bias downwards the correlation between yields and the amounts of bonds purchased. Simple regression of daily changes in yields on quantities often give insignificant or even positive coefficients and therefore suggest that SMP interventions have been ineffective, or worse counterproductive. We use high frequency data on purchases of the ECB Securities Markets Programme and sovereign bond quotes to address the endogeneity issues. We propose an econometric model that considers, simultaneously, first and second conditional moments of market price returns at daily and intradaily frequency. We find that SMP interventions succeeded in reducing yields and volatility of government bond segments of the countries under the programme. Finally, the new econometric model is broadly applicable to market intervention studies.