Suchergebnisse
Filter
13 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
SSRN
Working paper
Political Diversity in Social and Personality Psychology
In: Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 496-503.
SSRN
Individual Differences in Need for Cognition and Decision-Making Competence Among Leaders
In: Personality and Individual Differences, Band 51, Heft 3, S. 274-278
SSRN
The Problem with Morality: Impeding Progress and Increasing Divides
In: Social issues and policy review: SIPR, Band 12, Heft 1, S. 218-257
ISSN: 1751-2409
AbstractMorality is commonly held up as the pinnacle of goodness but can also be a source of significant problems, interfering with societal functioning and progress. We review the literature regarding how morality diverges from nonmoral attitudes, biases our cognitive processing, and the ways in which it can lead to negative interpersonal and intergroup consequences. To illustrate the negative implications of morality, we detail two specific examples of how moral convictions impair societal progress: the rejection of science and technology, and political polarization in the United States. Specifically, we discuss how moral convictions can cause individuals to challenge scientific facts (e.g., evolution), oppose technologies that can improve health and well‐being (e.g., vaccinations and GMO foods), and fuel political polarization and segregation. We conclude this review by suggesting strategies for policy makers and individuals to help overcome the problems morality can cause.
SSRN
Working paper
The emotional well-being of journalists exposed to traumatic events: A mapping review
In: Media, war & conflict, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 476-502
ISSN: 1750-6360
This article presents a mapping review of the available literature on the emotional well-being of journalists exposed to traumatic events. The review consists of three parts: (a) a summary of the results of trauma-related literature; (b) identification of the limitations of studies to date; and (c) suggestions for future research. The overview of the reviewed studies is provided as a table.
Social and Economic Ideologies Differentially Predict Prejudice across the Political Spectrum, but Social Issues Are Most Divisive
In: Crawford, J. T., Brandt, M. J., Inbar, Y., Chambers, J. R., & Motyl, M. (2017). Social and economic ideologies differentially predict prejudice across the political spectrum, but social issues are most divisive. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112, 383-412.
SSRN
Datasets from a research project examining the role of politics in social psychological research
We present four datasets from a project examining the role of politics in social psychological research. These include thousands of independent raters who coded scientific abstracts for political relevance and for whether conservatives or liberals were treated as targets of explanation and characterized in a negative light. Further included are predictions about the empirical results by scientists participating in a forecasting survey, and coded publication outcomes for unpublished research projects varying in political overtones. Future researchers can leverage this corpus to test further hypotheses regarding political values and scientific research, perceptions of political bias, publication histories, and forecasting accuracy.
BASE
Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations
Pathogens, and antipathogen behavioral strategies, affect myriad aspects of human behavior. Recent findings suggest that antipathogen strategies relate to political attitudes, with more ideologically conservative individuals reporting more disgust toward pathogen cues, and with higher parasite stress nations being, on average, more conservative. However, no research has yet adjudicated between two theoretical accounts proposed to explain these relationships between pathogens and politics. We find that national parasite stress and individual disgust sensitivity relate more strongly to adherence to traditional norms than they relate to support for barriers between social groups. These results suggest that the relationship between pathogens and politics reflects intragroup motivations more than intergroup motivations.
BASE
Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations
In: Tybur , J M , Inbar , Y , Aarøe , L , Barclay , P , Barlowe , F K , De Barra , M , Beckerh , D V , Borovoi , L , Choi , I , Choik , J A , Consedine , N S , Conway , A , Conway , J R , Conway , P , Adoric , V C , Demirci , D E , Fernández , A M , Ferreirat , D C S , Ishii , K , Jakšic , I , Ji , T , Van Leeuwen , F , Lewis , D M G , Li , N P , McIntyre , J C , Mukherjee , S , Park , J H , Pawlowski , B , Petersen , M B , Pizarro , D , Prodromitis , G , Prokop , P , Rantala , M J , Reynolds , L M , Sandin , B , Sevi , B , De Smet , D , Srinivasan , N , Tewari , S , Wilson , C , Yong , J C & Žezelj , I 2016 , ' Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 113 , no. 44 , pp. 12408-12413 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607398113
People who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds that these relationships between pathogens and politics are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogenneutralizing properties. The second, which is an intergroup account, holds that these same relationships are based on motivations to avoid contact with outgroups, who might pose greater infectious disease threats than ingroup members. Results from a study surveying 11,501 participants across 30 nations are more consistent with the intragroup account than with the intergroup account. National parasite stress relates to traditionalism (an aspect of conservatism especially related to adherence to group norms) but not to social dominance orientation (SDO; an aspect of conservatism especially related to endorsements of intergroup barriers and negativity toward ethnic and racial outgroups). Further, individual differences in pathogen-avoidance motives (i.e., disgust sensitivity) relate more strongly to traditionalism than to SDO within the 30 nations.
BASE
Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations
In: Tybur, Joshua M., Inbar, Yoel, Aaroe, Lene orcid:0000-0003-4551-3750 , Barclay, Pat, Barlow, Fiona Kate orcid:0000-0001-9533-1256 , de Barra, Micheal, Becker, D. Vaughn, Borovoi, Leah, Choi, Incheol, Choi, Jong An, Consedine, Nathan S. orcid:0000-0002-7691-0938 , Conway, Alan, Conway, Jane Rebecca, Conway, Paul, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Demirci, Dilara Ekin, Maria Fernandez, Ana, Ferreira, Diogo Conque Seco, Ishii, Keiko, Jaksic, Ivana, Ji, Tingting, van Leeuwen, Florian orcid:0000-0002-9694-8300 , Lewis, David M. G., Li, Norman P., McIntyre, Jason C., Mukherjee, Sumitava orcid:0000-0002-8445-0492 , Park, Justin H., Pawlowski, Boguslaw orcid:0000-0002-7418-475X , Petersen, Michael Bang orcid:0000-0002-6782-5635 , Pizarro, David, Prodromitis, Gerasimos, Prokop, Pavol orcid:0000-0003-2016-7468 , Rantala, Markus J., Reynolds, Lisa M., Sandin, Bonifacio orcid:0000-0001-7206-6410 , Sevi, Baris orcid:0000-0001-9663-4339 , De Smet, Delphine, Srinivasan, Narayanan orcid:0000-0001-5342-0381 , Tewari, Shruti, Wilson, Cameron, Yong, Jose C. and Zezelj, Iris orcid:0000-0002-9527-1406 (2016). Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 113 (44). S. 12408 - 12414. WASHINGTON: NATL ACAD SCIENCES. ISSN 0027-8424
People who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds that these relationships between pathogens and politics are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogenneutralizing properties. The second, which is an intergroup account, holds that these same relationships are based on motivations to avoid contact with outgroups, who might pose greater infectious disease threats than ingroup members. Results from a study surveying 11,501 participants across 30 nations are more consistent with the intragroup account than with the intergroup account. National parasite stress relates to traditionalism (an aspect of conservatism especially related to adherence to group norms) but not to social dominance orientation (SDO; an aspect of conservatism especially related to endorsements of intergroup barriers and negativity toward ethnic and racial outgroups). Further, individual differences in pathogen-avoidance motives (i.e., disgust sensitivity) relate more strongly to traditionalism than to SDO within the 30 nations.
BASE
Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations
In: Tybur , J M , Inbar , Y , Aarøe , L , Barclay , P , Barlow , F K , de Barra , M , Becker , D V , Borovoi , L , Choi , I , Choi , J A , Consedine , N S , Conway , A , Conway , J R , Conway , P , Cubela Adoric , V , Demirci , E , Fernández , A M , Ferreira , D C S , Ishii , K , Jakšić , I , Ji , T , Van Leeuwen , F , Lewis , D M G , Li , N P , McIntyre , J C , Mukherjee , S , Park , J H , Pawlowski , B , Petersen , M B , Pizarro , D , Prodromitis , G , Prokop , P , Rantala , M J , Reynolds , L M , Sandin , B , Sevir , B , de Smet , D , Srinivasan , N , Tewari , S , Wilson , C , Yong , J C & Žeželj , I 2016 , ' Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 113 , pp. 12408-12413 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607398113
People who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for the relationship between pathogens and politics. The first, which is an intragroup, traditional norms account, holds that these relationships are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogen neutralizing properties. The second, which is an intergroup, outgroup-avoidance account, holds that relationships between pathogen avoidance and ideology are based on motivations to avoid contact with outgroups (who might pose greater infectious disease threats than ingroup members). Results from a study surveying 11,501 participants across 30 nations are more consistent with the traditional norms account than with the outgroup-avoidance account. National parasite stress relates to traditionalism (an aspect of conservatism especially related to adherence to group norms) but not to social dominance orientation (an aspect of conservatism especially related to endorsements of intergroup barriers and negativity toward ethnic and racial outgroups). Further, individual differences in pathogen-avoidance motives (i.e., disgust sensitivity) relate more strongly to traditionalism than to social dominance orientation within the 30 nations.
BASE
Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings
In: Klein , R A , Vianello , M , Hasselman , F , Adams , B G , Adams , R B , Alper , S , Aveyard , M , Axt , J R , Babalola , M T , Bahník , Š , Batra , R , Berkics , M , Bernstein , M J , Berry , D R , Bialobrzeska , O , Binan , E D , Bocian , K , Brandt , M J , Busching , R , Rédei , A C , Cai , H , Cambier , F , Cantarero , K , Carmichael , C L , Ceric , F , Chandler , J , Chang , J-H , Chatard , A , Chen , E E , Cheong , W , Cicero , D C , Coen , S , Coleman , J A , Collisson , B , Conway , M A , Corker , K S , Curran , P G , Cushman , F , Dagona , Z K , Dalgar , I , Dalla Rosa , A , Davis , W E , de Bruijn , M , De Schutter , L , Devos , T , de Vries , M , Doğulu , C , Dozo , N , Dukes , K N , Dunham , Y , Durrheim , K , Ebersole , C R , Edlund , J E , Eller , A , English , A S , Finck , C , Frankowska , N , Freyre , M , Friedman , M , Galliani , E M , Gandi , J C , Ghoshal , T , Giessner , S R , Gill , T , Gnambs , T , Gómez , Á , González , R , Graham , J , Grahe , J E , Grahek , I , Green , E G T , Hai , K , Haigh , M , Haines , E L , Hall , M P , Heffernan , M E , Hicks , J A , Houdek , P , Huntsinger , J R , Huynh , H P , Ijzerman , H , Inbar , Y , Innes-ker , Å H , Jiménez-leal , W , John , M , Joy-gaba , J A , Kamiloğlu , R G , Kappes , H B , Karabati , S , Karick , H , Keller , V N , Kende , A , Kervyn , N , Knežević , G , Kovacs , C , Krueger , L E , Kurapov , G , Kurtz , J , Lakens , D , Lazarević , L B , Levitan , C A , Lewis , N A , Lins , S , Lipsey , N P , Losee , J E , Maassen , E , Maitner , A T , Malingumu , W , Mallett , R K , Marotta , S A , Međedović , J , Mena-pacheco , F , Milfont , T L , Morris , W L , Murphy , S C , Myachykov , A , Neave , N , Neijenhuijs , K , Nelson , A J , Neto , F , Lee Nichols , A , Ocampo , A , O'donnell , S L , Oikawa , H , Oikawa , M , Ong , E , Orosz , G , Osowiecka , M , Packard , G , Pérez-sánchez , R , Petrović , B , Pilati , R , Pinter , B , Podesta , L , Pogge , G , Pollmann , M M H , Rutchick , A M , Saavedra , P , Saeri , A K , Salomon , E , Schmidt , K , Schönbrodt , F D , Sekerdej , M B , Sirlopú , D , Skorinko , J L M , Smith , M A , Smith-castro , V , Smolders , K C H J , Sobkow , A , Sowden , W , Spachtholz , P , Srivastava , M , Steiner , T G , Stouten , J , Street , C N H , Sundfelt , O K , Szeto , S , Szumowska , E , Tang , A C W , Tanzer , N , Tear , M J , Theriault , J , Thomae , M , Torres , D , Traczyk , J , Tybur , J M , Ujhelyi , A , Van Aert , R C M , Van Assen , M A L M , Van Der Hulst , M , Van Lange , P A M , Van 't Veer , A E , Vásquez- Echeverría , A , Ann Vaughn , L , Vázquez , A , Vega , L D , Verniers , C , Verschoor , M , Voermans , I P J , Vranka , M A , Welch , C , Wichman , A L , Williams , L A , Wood , M , Woodzicka , J A , Wronska , M K , Young , L , Zelenski , J M , Zhijia , Z & Nosek , B A 2018 , ' Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings ' , Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science , vol. 1 , no. 4 , pp. 443-490 . https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918810225
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen's ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.
BASE