For almost 60 years of establishment, ASEAN has received praises and disdain from institutional scholars. It is heralded as the only regionalism in Southeast Asia able to manage regional order through its normative power, but also criticized for the same power. ASEAN once again faces a challenge with the looming of Myanmar crisis. The research aimed to find out whether ASEAN Centrality, the primacy of ASEAN in addressing regional issues, is still strong enough amidst the crisis. The research provided an analysis on ASEAN Centrality by adopting an individual-state leadership concept portrayed by Indonesia as a de facto leader of ASEAN. The research methods employed qualitative explorative research by focusing on comparative case studies on the Preah Vihear and Myanmar cases. The research finds that in both cases, ASEAN Centrality prevails. However, its strength varies as Indonesia's leadership depends on mutually inclusive variables. These determining variables are institutional mandates, the domestic interest of followers, and external pressures.
Abstract: Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is still a serious concern of the government. Various efforts have been made to reduce the number in all regions in Indonesia. Village health cadres have an important role in delivering health information and monitoring the health of pregnant women. Maternal health problems are often caused by maternal feeding behaviors that are incompatible with the Balanced Nutrition Guidelines. This study aimed to find out the knowledge of cadres about nutrition of pregnant women. The research method used cross-sectional with quantitative approach and total population sample technique. The sample in this research is 30 health cadres in Pucakwangi Village, Pati Regency, Central Java. The results showed that most cadres knew the definition of nutrition as a substance contained in food (80%). As many as 50% of respondents knew the nutritional function for growth, 10% of cadres did not know that exclusive breastfeeding is only for infants aged 0-6 months, 23.3% did not know about the provision of Fe tablets to pregnant women. Only 33.3% of cadres knew that carbohydrates and minerals are nutrients. In addition, only 80% of cadres knew that basic food needs to be consumed daily. Less than half of cadres who know that milk (26.7%) and nuts (30%) are a source of protein. Knowledge of health cadres on the nutrition of pregnant women still needs to be improved, especially regarding the source of nutrition in food and the provision of Fe tablets. Keywords: Knowledge, nutrition, pregnant women, cadre. Abstrak: Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) masih menjadi perhatian serius pemerintah. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk menekan tingginya AKI di seluruh wilayah di Indonesia. Kader kesehatan di tingkat desa memiliki peran penting dalam menyampaikan informasi kesehatan dan memantau kesehatan ibu hamil. Masalah kesehatan ibu seringkali disebabkan oleh perilaku makan ibu yang tidak sesuai dengan Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu gambaran pengetahuan kader mengenai gizi ibu hamil. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan teknik sampel total populasi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 kader kesehatan di Desa Pucakwangi Kabupaten Pati Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kader mengetahui pengertian gizi sebagai zat yang terkandung dalam makanan (80%). Sebanyak 50% responden mengetahui fungsi gizi untuk pertumbuhan, 10% kader tidak tahu bahwa ASI eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI saja untuk bayi usia 0-6 bulan, 23,3% tidak tahu mengenai pemberian tablet Fe kepada ibu hamil. Hanya 33,3% kader yang mengetahui bahwa karbohidrat dan mineral merupakan zat gizi. Selain itu, hanya 80% kader yang mengetahui bahwa makanan pokok perlu dikonsumsi setiap hari. Kurang dari separuh kader yang mengetahui bahwa susu (26,7%) dan kacang-kacangan (30%) merupakan sumber protein. Pengetahuan kader kesehatan mengenai gizi ibu hamil masih perlu ditingkatkan, khususnya mengenai sumber gizi dalam makanan dan pemberian tablet Fe. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, gizi, ibu hamil, kader.
The paper aims to address the imigrations issues in European Union (EU) and its relation to the continuation of closer union. Migrations becomes essential, yet delicate issues on the integration of Europe based on the socio-economic impacts they create. Two importants relations will be focused on, first is the relations between migration the problems of aging population and second is the realtion between migration and social tension. This paper concludes that the negative excess of economic achievement on socio-culture will potentially hamper the regional integration.
Republic of Korea (ROK) shifted its policy focus toward ASEAN through the New Southern Policy (NSP). As the core foreign policy to its southern neighbors, the NSP is envisioned to 'elevate' ASEAN status. The partnership has been backed by institutional and bureaucratic transformation to sustain the policy. Accordingly, ROK tapped on its digital resources to support this diplomatic engagement. Digital diplomacy, therefore, is an important strategy to engage the ASEAN public. However, does ROK's digital primacy is translated well to support NSP's digital diplomacy? This paper utilizes empirical explorative qualitative primary data collection of ROK's government tweets on two levels of analysis; towards domestic and foreign audiences. The finding confirms that domestic engagement is better. However, further scrutiny shows that within domestic narratives NSP is mainly used as a political tool. Meanwhile, on external engagement, this paper argues for ROK's digital diplomacy deficit toward ASEAN. Not only does ROK's digital diplomacy strategy lack uniformity, but it also fails to create conversation about NSP. Keywords : ASEAN, Republic of Korea, New Southern Policy, Digital Diplomacy, Twitter ; Republik Korea (ROK) mengalihkan fokus kebijakannya ke arah ASEAN melalui New Southern Policy (NSP). Sebagai kebijakan luar negeri utama di batas Selatan, NSP diharapkan dapat 'meningkatkan' status ASEAN. Kemitraan ini ditopang oleh transformasi kelembagaan dan birokrasi sebagai upaya untuk mempertahankan keberlanjutannya. Sejalan dengan upaya tersebut, ROK memanfaatkan sumber daya digitalnya untuk mendukung diplomasi ini. Diplomasi digital merupakan strategi penting terhadap publik ASEAN. Namun, apakah keunggulan ini diterjemahkan dengan baik dalam mendukung diplomasi digital dari NSP? Makalah ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data primer kualitatif yang bersifat eksploratif empiris dengan mengidentifikasikan tweet pemerintah ROK di dua tingkat analisis; domestik dan luar negeri. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa keterlibatan ...
Background: COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not ended yet. Since the New Habit Adaptation, previously known as the New Normal, employees have started return to work in offices. At the end of July 2020, the addition of new cases received a large number of contributions from employees working in the office, raising a new cluster known as the office cluster. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between characteristics and practice of preventing the transmission of COVID-19 among employees in Purwokerto, Central Java. Methods: This is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Online data collection was conducted in early August 2020. The variables were the respondents' characteristics (gender, age, occupation, and income) and the practice of COVID-19 prevention among employees in the office (wearing a mask, maintaining physical distance, handwashing, opening doors and windows for air circulation). Fifty-seven employees started working in offices in Purwokerto who were involved in this research. Results: Most respondents were adults (82.5%), women (70.2%), working as private employees (77.2%) with an income above the minimum wage (73.7%). Almost all respondents have widely adopted the practice of washing hands (86%) and using masks (98.2%) since the pandemic's emergence. However, many employees were unable to perform physical distancing (26.3%), stayed away from the crowd (29.8%), opened workspace doors/windows (56.1%), and tried to work outdoor (86%). There is no association between characteristics and prevention practice. Private companies need to tighten their health protocols and monitoring. They should provide rewards and punishments for employees who did not obey the regulation. Also, local governments need to supervise all companies in their area to enforce health protocols seriously.
The massive support to develop a new category of Indonesian Diaspora that is called as a "special friends of Indonesia' (Indonesianist) seems would remain become a domain of academic and public debates. The existing Indonesian law and regulations, even though have been amended many times and during the debates on law creating process have tried to adopt the model of dual citizenship, do not affirm this new category. Despite this current legal situation, this article argues that this special friend can be cultivated from the international education section. This paper is academic research in the field of social sciences, especially international relations that analyzes statements, views, and opinion by government officers, diaspora, and Indonesianists as well as some law and regulations. The research suggests that the concept of Special Friends of Indonesia (Indonesianists) is too broad and poses a challenge for the conceptual and legal definition. Fully considering the high contribution of Indonesianist, nurturing of future Indonesianist - especially through student mobility programs - is best to take place in the situation allowing for exposure and socialization process to be built internally.
Background: The majority of Indonesians are Muslim (87%) scattered in each province. They celebrated Eid al-Fitr at the end of May 2020 along with the COVID-19 pandemic that has not ended yet. The tradition of celebrating Eid day is contradictive to the COVID-19 transmission prevention efforts that prohibit people from the crowd, prohibit having activities outside of their houses, and limit human mobilization. Even the president has imposed a ban on mudik Lebaran (coming back to hometown) due to the prediction of massive human migration. The handling of the COVID-19 pandemic requires participation of all parties, including the central government, regional governments, local leaders, the private sector, and the whole community. Objective: This study aims to describe the Indonesian Muslim tradition related to the prevention of the transmission of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected a day before Eid day. There were 246 Muslims in Central Java province as respondents. Variables in this study were respondent characteristics (age, sex, educational level, occupation, and economic level) and Muslim Eid Al-Fitr tradition such as mudik tradition, Eid shopping needs, silaturahmi tradition, and Eid praying. This study also identified the respondents' practice in preventing COVID-19 transmission. All variables were analyzed descriptively to explain how Muslims conducted their tradition during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: COVID-19 pandemic caused most Muslims not to celebrate Eid as usual. They had to be far away from their families. On the other hand, the tradition to visit the tombs of the ancestors was also maintained by Javanese people and had become a habitual culture. Carelessness and disobedience against health protocols during a pandemic might bring fatal consequences to themselves and others. Conclusion: Most Muslims were discouraged from mudik, silaturahmi, and performing Eid prayer in a congregation in the mosque. They encountered difficulties to keep physical distancing due to people around did not exercise physical distancing for themselves.
Background: As well as other countries, Basic Health Research 2018 (Riskesdas) reported that adolescent pregnancies (aged under 20 years) occurred in almost all provinces in Indonesia. More than 60,000 Indonesian females experienced pregnancy at a young age. Objective: This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Indonesian women who had been pregnant under the age of 20 years. Methods: This study used a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design, the data processed was from Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018. The subjects were 67,392 women who experienced their first pregnancy under the age of 20 years. The independent variables of the study included the respondent's domicile, age, education level, and occupation. The dependent variable was the age at first pregnancy. All variables were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: Almost all (95.4%) Indonesian women who had experienced adolescent pregnancy were in the age range of 14-19 years when they were first pregnant. Most of the respondents lived in rural areas (68.1%), were in late adulthood (32.9%) when the survey was conducted, had completed primary school education (38.7%), and were not working (47.9%). Domicile, age, education, and occupation were related significantly to the age at which they were first pregnant (P-Value = 0.0001). Education affected the age at first pregnancy in women with a history of adolescent pregnancy (OR = 2.215). Conclusion: Adolescent with low education level is 2.2 riskier to have early pregnancy than an adolescent with high-level education. The government needs to make it a priority and seriously provide provision of reproductive health education among children before they get into their adolescence phase.
Background: In Pati District KTD cases in adolescents aged <17 years as much as 43.8%, which affectsthe marriage at an early age is increasing. This research aims to describe the response of parents and teens junior who experience unwanted pregnancy, and the effects of marriage at an early age.Method: This research method was qualitative case study design. With a purposive sampling and data collection using in-depth interviews. The main informants were adolescent who experienced unwanted pregnancy 5 people. Informants triangulation parents 5 people.Results: The results showed the phenomenon of early marriage makes parents and teens are not afraid of an unwanted pregnancy, as a result people who previously regarded premarital sex behavior that violates norms, are now more likely to be accepted by society. Parents and teenagers who live rural areas provide a response to resolve the problem by marrying unwanted pregnancy informant. While living urban areas, asking informants to have an abortion, but after failing informant eventually wed. Marriage was a solution unwanted pregnancy experienced by adolescents because of the permissive society towards marriage early age and culture in the community who think if the domestic sector only female duties, so that the nature of women is to be a housewife. Suggested provide information to adolescents and parents about the effects of early marriage. The government particularly Health Provider can further provide youthfriendly health services since the junior level.Keywords: unwanted pregnancy, early marriage, adolescents of junior high school
Indonesia dalam lima tahun belakangan ini telah diasosiakan sebagai 'emerging economy', negara demokrasi terbesar ketiga di dunia (the world's third largest democracy), dan the world's largest Muslim country. Penelitian kualitatif ini mengkaji seberapa jauh 'peningkatan label profil power' Indonesia (setidaknya dalam bidang ekonomi dan demokratisasi) meningkatkan kemampuan pemerintah Indonesia dalam mempengaruhi proses pembentukan agenda dalam PBB, APEC, OKI, GNB dan G-20. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk melihat bagaimana Indonesia mendefinisikan peran ideational ketiga organisasi internasional tersebut dan bagaimana Indonesia berkontribusi dalam merealisasikan idenya dalam institusi-institusi internasional tersebut.
