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The rate of development in neuroimaging is so rapid that it is almost impossible to predict very far into the future in trying to understand this influence. The availability of technologies that make it possible to investigate, even in real time, the neural regions and systems that are functionally related disorders is having a transforming impact on the discipline. This book presents findings by some of the principal researchers in the field and who are working at the cutting-edge in applying neuroimaging to communication disorders

Nepal. Information was drawn from a sample survey of 997 young women 499 young men, and data from the Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2001 (NDHS). A new definition of unintended pregnancy was developed. Using bivariate and multivariate analyses, the results show that the conventional NDHS definition of unintended pregnancy provides a substantial under–estimate of prevalence. Unintended pregnancy was more likely to be reported by both men and women who were younger, with a higher number of living children, a smaller desired family size, higher exposure to mass media, a higher level of education and low household well-being. The results suggest the 'transition phenomena in pregnancy intention' in developing countries like Nepal where total fertility is still high and the desired fertility is falling rapidly. The paper recommends that services should focus on helping those groups of couples who were identified in the analysis as being at increased risk of unintended pregnancy.

In 1999, the UK Labour Government launched a 10-year Teenage Pregnancy Strategy for England to address the country's historically high rates and reduce social exclusion. The goal was to halve the under-18 conception rate. This study explores how the strategy was designed and implemented, and the features that contributed to its success. This study was informed by examination of the detailed documentation of the strategy, published throughout its 10-year implementation. The strategy involved a comprehensive programme of action across four themes: joined up action at national and local level; better prevention through improved sex and relationships education and access to effective contraception; a communications campaign to reach young people and parents; and coordinated support for young parents (The support programme for young parents was an important contribution to the strategy. In the short term by helping young parents prevent further unplanned pregnancies and, in the long term, by breaking intergenerational cycles of disadvantage and lowering the risk of teenage pregnancy.). It was implemented through national, regional and local structures with dedicated funding for the 10-year duration. The under-18 conception rate reduced steadily over the strategy's lifespan. The 2014 under-18 conception rate was 51% lower than the 1998 baseline and there have been significant reductions in areas of high deprivation. One leading social commentator described the strategy as 'The success story of our time' (Toynbee, The drop in teenage pregnancies is the success story of our time, 2013). As rates of teenage pregnancy are influenced by a web of inter-connected factors, the strategy was necessarily multi-faceted in its approach. As such, it is not possible to identify causative pathways or estimate the relative contributions of each constituent part. However, we conclude that six key features contributed to the success: creating an opportunity for action; developing an evidence based strategy; effective implementation; regularly reviewing progress; embedding the strategy in wider government programmes; and providing leadership throughout the programme. The learning remains relevant for the UK as England's teenage birth rate remains higher than in other Western European countries. It also provides important lessons for governments and policy makers in other countries seeking to reduce teenage pregnancy rates. BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSIONS ; oa article

Purpose: Teenage pregnancy is an issue of inequality affecting the health, wellbeing and life chances of young women, young men and their children. Consequently, high levels of teenage pregnancy are of concern to an increasing number of developing and developed countries. The UK Labour Government's Teenage Pregnancy Strategy for England was one of the very few examples of a nationally led, locally implemented evidence based Strategy, resourced over a long duration, with an associated reduction of 48% in the under-18 conception rate. This paper seeks to identify the lessons applicable to other countries. Methods: The paper focuses on the prevention programme. Drawing on the detailed documentation of the ten-year Strategy it analyses the factors that helped and hindered implementation against the WHO ExpandNet Framework. The Framework strives to improve the planning and management of the process of scaling-up of successful pilot programmes with a focus on sexual and reproductive health, making it particularly suited for an analysis of England's teenage pregnancy Strategy. Results: The development and implementation of the Strategy matches the Framework's key attributes for successful planning and scaling up of sexual and reproductive health programmes. It also matched the attributes identified by the Centre for Global Development for scaled up approaches to complex public health issues. Conclusion: Although the Strategy was implemented in a high-income country, analysis against the WHO-ExpandNet Framework identifies many lessons which are transferable to low and medium income countries seeking to address high teenage pregnancy rates.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Fifty years of academic research on pornography -- Chapter 2 Method and approach -- Chapter 3 Defining pornography -- Chapter 4 Pornography and consent -- Chapter 5 Learning from pornography -- Chapter 6 Pornography and porn literacy -- Chapter 7 Pornography and pleasure -- Chapter 8 Recent academic research on pornography and healthy sexual development -- Index.

"This book presents an innovative cross-disciplinary report on research across the humanities and social sciences about the relationship between pornography and its consumers. For policy makers and the wider public it can be difficult to obtain a clear understanding of the current state of knowledge on pornography and its relationships with audiences, due to the often-contradictory nature of research spanning the various and politically diverse academic disciplines. The cross-disciplinary expertise of the author team has engaged in an extensive examination of the findings of academic research in the area in order to explain, in a clear and accessible style, the most important conclusions about the relationship of pornography to Healthy Sexual Development. This short and accessible overview is suitable for students and scholars in Psychology, Sexual Health, Film Studies, Sex Education, Queer Theory, Gender Studies, Sexuality Studies, Sociology, Media Studies, and Cultural Studies"--

Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- What does doing 'everyday ethics' mean for healthcare practitioners? -- Bibliography -- Introduction -- Exploring ethics from the ground up -- How might such diverse perspectives contribute to health education and practice? -- Where does ethics from the ground up take us? -- Why is the notion of ground-up ethics a stimulus for learning? -- The structure of the book -- References -- PART 1: Emerging Debates -- The Last 1000 Days -- 1 Interprofessional ethics in everyday healthcare -- Introduction -- Clarifying 'interprofessional working' -- Thinking about ethics in teamwork -- Principles act as guidelines for behaviour -- Structures: established forms of knowledge and patterns of behaviour -- Processes - or how things are done -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 An ethics of care transformation of mental health service provision: creating services that people want to use -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Experiences of compulsion and reflections on governance roles -- Tronto's moral boundaries -- Care or protection? -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Dilemmas of disclosure in mental health therapeutic education -- Introduction -- Silent, personal voices -- Those elected to speak -- Clinical and academic states of mind -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Time to reflect: relationships and ethics -- Discussion -- PART 2: Changing Practices -- Better Than This -- 5 Moving beyond the 'yuk' factor: ethical issues in breastmilk sharing and donation -- Introduction -- Background -- Discussion - what are the issues? -- How are regulated and unregulated milk donation perceived? -- Ways of thinking about breastmilk sharing and donation -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Veterans and the ethics of reciprocity -- Introduction -- Who are veterans? -- The armed forces covenant -- The ethics of reciprocity and veterans.

AbstractThis paper adds to recent discussions of young people's porn literacy and argues that researchers must address porn users' engagements with, and understandings of, different porn genres and practices. As part of a larger interdisciplinary project which consisted of a series of systematic reviews of literature on the relationship between pornography use and healthy sexual development, we reviewed articles addressing the relationship between pornography use and literacy. We found few articles that present empirical data to discuss porn literacies, and those we found commonly frame young people's porn literacy as their ability to critically read porn as negative and comprising 'unrealistic' portrayals of sex. This model of porn literacy tends to be heteronormative, where only conservative ideals of 'good', coupled, and vanilla sex are deemed 'realistic'. Data from the literature we reviewed shows that young people make sophisticated distinctions between different kinds of pornography, some of which could be called 'realistic', as per do-it-yourself and amateur porn. We extend this discussion to young people's understandings of 'authenticity' across their broader digital and social media practices. From this focus, we propose the need to incorporate young people's existing porn literacies into future education and research approaches. This includes engaging with their understandings and experiences of porn genres, digital media practice, and representations of authenticity.